Graphene oxide from Indonesian biomass: Synthesis and characterization

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite and also produced from waste materials, such as coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse. The GO obtained from pure graphite was compared with graphite made from Indonesian biomass (coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse) that had its silica content removed. The characterization of GO was with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD images showed the formation of the GO and graphite from various angles and revealed that the chemical reaction had an important role in the formation of the GO particles. This was confirmed by the FTIR and Raman spectra, where the presence of various oxygen functional groups was identified. The FTIR spectra showed that the GO had some functionals oxygen groups within its structure.

Naproxen release from carbon dot coated magnetite nanohybrid as versatile theranostics for HeLa cancer cells

“…The band at 1589 cm −1 is present in the Fe 3 O 4 @CA spectrum, but not in that of Fe 3 O 4 @CDs associated with a C C aromatic group, and thus, represents the dehydrogenation of CA forming graphene oxides during furnacing. 65 Finally, the generated band at 1135 cm −1 in the spectrum of the synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @CDs-NAP corresponds to the methoxy group of NAP, and thus, demonstrates the successful loading of NAP onto Fe 3 O 4 @CDs.…”

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide based on rubber seed shells and rice husks and their composites using the modified Hummer method

“…This angle proves that graphite was successfully synthesized. According to previous research [11]. In his research the diffraction peak formed at an angle of 2θ 25° and other diffraction peaks the diffraction peak formed at an angle of 2θ = 26.1° [20].…”

“…Therefore, in this research, graphene will be synthesized in the form of RGO material from rubber seed shells, rice husks, and both composites using the modified Hummer method. [11] Rubber seed shells and rice husks heated using a furnace at 550°C for 3 hours. Then charcoal was dissolved using HF which was then heated at 35 o C and stirred for 3 hours.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide from Rice Husk

“…Hence researcher has been widely used GO nanocomposites for many application for dye removal0 [15] and [16], heavy metal removal0 [17] and [18], drug delivery system0 [19], sensor [20] and adsorbent [21]. GO nanocomposites hase been prepared by modified Hummers method then co precipitation [22]. The GO nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, SEM-EDX, dan Raman spectroscopy.…”