Graphene oxide enrichment of collagen membranes improves DPSCs differentiation and controls inflammation occurrence

Abstract

Collagen membranes are used in oral surgery for bone defects treatment acting as a barrier that does not allow the invasion of soft tissue into the growing bone. To improve biocompatibility collagen membranes were coated with graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative. The aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of GO coated collagen membranes on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) focusing on biomaterial cytotoxicity, ability to promote DPSCs differentiation process and to control inflammation event induction. DPSCs were cultured on uncoated membranes and on both 2 and 10 μg mL GO coated membranes up to 28 days. Alamar blue and LDH cytotocicity assay, PGE2 ELISA assay, real time RT-PCR for RUNX2, BMP2, SP7, TNFα and COX2 genes expression were performed. Proliferation is higher on GO coated membranes at days 14 and 28. LDH assay evidences no cytotoxicity. BMP2 and RUNX2 expression is higher on coated membranes, BMP2 at early and RUNX2 and SP7 at late experimental times. PGE2 levels are lower on GO coated membranes at days 14 and 28, both TNFα and COX2 expression is significantly decreased when GO is applied. GO coated membranes are not toxic for DPSCs, induce a faster DPSCs differentiation into odontoblasts/osteoblasts and may represent good alternative to conventional membranes thus ensuring more efficient bone formation and improving the clinical performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2312-2320, 2017.

Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering in the Dental Field

“…The same GO-coating applied on collagen membranes was tested using DPSCs to analyze osteoblastic differentiation and inflammatory response [ 145 ]. The researchers found that GO-coating significantly increased cell viability on a concentration-dependent manner and promoted DPSCs osteoblastic differentiation, as demonstrated by the up-regulation of BMP-2, RUNX2 and OSX gene expression.…”

Alginate/Hydroxyapatite-Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Improve Dental Pulp Biomineralization and Differentiation

“…Also compared to equal volumes of bone marrow, dental pulp contains a higher number of mesenchymal stem cells [ 21 , 22 ]. In this light, due to the presence of a higher undifferentiated population, DPSCs are a suitable stem cell source in order to obtain different kinds of tissue including dental pulp tissues, dentin, or bone.…”

“…The differentiation stage of DPSCs greatly influences both the speed of matrix deposition and the quality of the newly formed one [ 22 , 25 ]. Among several components, water with some dissolved noncollagenous organic matter is the third component of the mineralized matrix, while the ratios of hydroxyapatite-to-collagen-to-water volume and weight fraction are not constant.…”

Redox Control of IL-6-Mediated Dental Pulp Stem-Cell Differentiation on Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites for Bone Ingrowth

“…Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) are secreted by DPSCs as anti-inflammatory cytokines. We previously reported that the inducible cyclooxygenase (COX2) is involved in the modulation of inflammation events in the presence of collagen membranes for periodontal bone and peri-implant defect treatments [23], and that PGE2 production can be involved in many differentiation processes, including osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in the presence of biomaterials [19,24]. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of DPSCs during biomaterial integration after implantation are still poorly understood, and there is growing interest in studying the immunomodulatory effectiveness of DPSCs [25].…”