Graphene Oxide Directed One-Step Synthesis of Flowerlike Graphene@HKUST-1 for Enzyme-Free Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Biological Samples

Abstract

A novel metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electroactive nanocomposite containing graphene fragments and HKUST-1 was synthesized via a facile one-step solvothermal method using graphene oxide (GO), benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC), and copper nitrate (Cu(NO)) as the raw materials. The morphology and structure characterization revealed that the GO could induce the transformation of HKUST-1 from octahedral structure to the hierarchical flower shape as an effective structure-directing agent. Also, it is interesting to find out that the GO was torn into small fragments to participate in the formation of HKUST-1 and then transformed into the reduction form during the solvothermal reaction process, which dramatically increased the surface area, electronic conductivity, and redox-activity of the material. Electrochemical assays showed that the synergy of graphene and HKUST-1 in the nanocomposite leaded to high electrocatalysis, fast response, and excellent selectivity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (HO). Based on these remarkable advantages, satisfactory results were obtained when the nanocomposite was used as a sensing material for electrochemical determination of HO in the complex biological samples such as human serum and living Raw 264.7 cell fluids.

Modifying Commercial Carbon with Trace Amounts of ZIF to Prepare Derivatives with Superior ORR Activities

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controlled to obtain efficient activities; otherwise the porous structures might collapse, and the active centers might be hindered. [10][11][12][13][14] Such catalysts should be further explored to fulfill the requirements of cell optimizations and applications.Combining MOFs with carbon materials, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes to enhance performance has been widely studied in the fields of sensing, [15,16] separation, [17] catalysis, [18] supercapacitor, [19] etc. On the other hand, the mechanisms to provide high activities are convoluted due to the diversity of potential functional centers in such materials.

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“…Combining MOFs with carbon materials, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes to enhance performance has been widely studied in the fields of sensing, [15,16] separation, [17] catalysis, [18] supercapacitor, [19] etc. The pyrolysis of such materials could also contribute to good electrochemical activities.…”

Metal‐Organic Frameworks/Graphene‐Based Materials: Preparations and Applications

“…Encouragingly, there comes out an idea of assembling MOFs with other materials to generate a MOF‐based composite, which can combine the advantages of both parent materials. Since the composites are superior to the MOFs synthesized via traditional method, they can be excellent alternatives of single MOFs to overcome the above‐mentioned difficulties …”

Nanostructured Metal Organic Framework Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a High Efficient Non-Enzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of H2O2

“…The precise and quick detection of H 2 O 2 is of practical importance in clinical diagnostics areas, food industry and biotechnology. One can name various techniques for the determination of H 2 O 2 , including titrimetry, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, chemiluminescence and electrochemistry [1][2][3]. Among the techniques mentioned above, the electrochemical one has been extensively utilized due to its simplicity, low-cost, high sensitivity and selectivity.…”