Graphene Oxide–Crospolyvinylpyrrolidone Hybrid Microspheres for the Efficient Adsorption of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

Abstract

Microspheres of the graphene oxide and crospolyvinylpyrrolidone composite (GO–PVPP) were prepared via suspension polymerization and investigated for the adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) from wastewater. The microspheres were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, N 2 physisorption, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The GO–PVPP microspheres comprised GO sheets on the surface and demonstrated good thermal stability, good swelling rate, and excellent adsorption capacity of 2,4,6-TCP (up to 466.77 mg/g). The adsorptions were determined as a function of pH, temperature, adsorbent loading, adsorption time, and initial content of 2,4,6-TCP in the solutions. The sorption kinetics was satisfactorily modeled using the pseudo-second-order rate equation, and the sorption equilibrium can be described using the Freundlich model. The 2,4,6-TCP adsorption by GO–PVPP was shown to be endothermic and spontaneous. The reusability of GO–PVPP was also demonstrated by the adsorption and desorption cycles.

Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides into Nanocomposites: A Review

“…However, van der Waals forces are not the only interactions existing between the adsorbent and the adsorbate since the pH of the solution may not influence the process [ 145 ]. According to the chemical structure of compounds and functional groups, the interaction between adsorbent/adsorbate systems can occur through stacking bonds π–π, hydrogen bonds, and ionic exchange [ 156 , 161 ].…”

“…In an adsorption system, the temperature can affect the adsorption velocity and kinetic energy, resulting in an increase or decrease in the removal percentage and adsorption capacity [ 156 , 169 ]. The effects of temperature on adsorption occur due to viscosity, rate diffusion, and equilibrium state [ 170 ].…”

“…Observations concerning the temperature dependence of adsorption of pesticides were reported. All studies that evaluated the effect of temperature on adsorption assumed an endothermic reaction, i.e., the reaction became more favorable at higher temperatures [ 156 , 157 , 159 , 160 ].…”

Catechol-Based Porous Organic Polymers for Effective Removal of Phenolic Pollutants from Water

“…The adsorption capacities of several representative materials in phenol solutions are presented in Table 4. The results illustrated that NTPOP and MCPOP have a higher adsorption capacity in solution compared to the reported adsorbent materials [42][43][44][45][46][47]. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for TCP is 16.23 mg/g.…”

Efficacious Removal of Flonicamid Insecticide from Water by GO@functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole: Synergistic Effect in Adsorption

“…Numerous studies have recently concentrated on the use of graphene oxide or composites to remove contaminants from the air and water. [15] Literature showed that variously modified form of GO has been used in the removal of various pesticide which includes Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @GO-PEA for the removal of malathion, parathion, and chlorpyrifos, [16] GO/SiO 2 for paraquat, [17] GO/TiO 2 composite for trifluralin, butachlor, glyphosate, and 2,4-D, [18] graphene oxide-crosspolyvinylpyrrolione hybrid microspheres for 2,4,6-trrichlorophenol, [19] magnetite modified reduced graphene oxide for promethrin, ametrine, atrazine and simazine, [20] magnetic graphene oxide functionalized β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and clothianidin,, [21] chitosan-graphene oxide for rotenone. [22] However, there is no report on the removal of FNM using GO and modified GO materials through adsorption and any other remediation method.…”