Graphene oxide-based solid phase extraction of vitamin B₁₂from pharmaceutical formulations and its determination by X-ray fluorescence

Abstract

In the present study, a novel quantitative method, namely solid phase extraction, was applied to extract vitamin B12 from pharmaceutical formulations. The technique involves the use of graphene oxide (GO) as an efficient adsorbent for solid‐phase extraction of vitamin B12. Collection of GO from aqueous solution was simply achieved by applying filtration assembly. The extracted analyte was directly analyzed by using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enhancement factor of 46, linear dynamic range of 25–1000 µg l−1 with correlation of determination (R2 = 0.998) and limit of detection of 20 µg l−1 were obtained for vitamin B12. The percent relative standard deviation based on three‐replicate determination was less than 8.1%. The method was successfully applied for extraction and determination of vitamin B12 in different types of pharmaceutical samples such as multivitamin tablet, effervescent tablet and injection sample. The results showed that the proposed method based on GO was a simple, accurate, and highly efficient approach for analysis of vitamin B12. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Recent Advances in Dietary Sources, Health Benefits, Emerging Encapsulation Methods, Food Fortification, and New Sensor-Based Monitoring of Vitamin B12: A Critical Review

“…The resulting solution is then subjected to a filtration process, wherein any solid components, including the remnants of the capsules, are effectively removed. What remains is a filtrate containing the extracted VB 12 , now separated from the capsule constituents and ready for further analysis or application [145,146]. The ultrasonication method harnesses high-frequency sound waves to disrupt the capsules and liberate their contents into the surrounding solvent [99].…”

Trace Determination of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) by Analyzing Cobalt Using a Portable Total-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

“…Kuroda et al 14 conducted solid-phase extraction of vitamin B12 using a phenyl group bonded silica gel before a microbiological assay. Moradi et al 15 performed solid-phase extraction using graphene oxide for the collection and enrichment of vitamin B12, and achieved a detection limit of 20 μg/L for vitamin B12 by measuring the Co Kα line originating from enriched vitamin B12 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. In the present study, solid-phase extraction was performed as a pretreatment for the detection of a trace amount of vitamin B12 using a portable TXRF spectrometer.…”