Graphene oxide based fluorescent nanocomposites for cellular imaging

Synthesis of graphene using gamma radiations

“…41 The thickness of crystallites (stacking heights) computed by Debye-Scherrer equation (4) for GO, and rGO are found to be 7.71 and 3.52 nm, respectively.…”

“…The d-spacing 41 were calculated by Bragg's law (3) and are found to be 7.27 Å for GO and 3.44 Å for rGO. 42…”

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Graphene–Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials for Bioapplications

“…203 Recently, hybrid nanocomposites of zinc-doped AgInS (AIZS) QDs and GO were synthesized for in vitro imaging of NIH/3T3 cells. 204 Freshly prepared hydrophobic AIZS nanoparticles were assembled onto oleylamine-modified GO, followed by PEGylation of the nanocomposites to improve colloidal stability in aqueous medium (Figure 30A). In doing so, the authors reported that they could enhance the solubility and stability over AIZS nanoparticles alone.…”

“…204,212 Sheng and co-workers found that AIZS-GO-PEG hybrid nanoparticles were biocompatible in NIH/3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) when incubated for 24 h at concentrations up to 100 mg mL −1 . 204 Similarly, Hu et al found that the viability of HeLa cells remained high (92%) after exposure to 20 mg L −1 of rGO–QD nanocomposites (CdSe/ZnS QDs) for 12–48 h. 212 In addition, uptake of the QD–rGO composites into the cytoplasm of the HeLa cells could be clearly visualized, wherein it was found that US-rGO (38 nm) localized throughout the cytoplasm while S-rGO (260 nm) was mainly found on the cell surface (Figure 39C–G). Importantly, the authors reported that the QD–rGO composites appear to be localized as discrete dots within the HeLa cells following incubation, suggesting a lack of QD leaching from the nanocomposites.…”

In-situ synthesis of nanomagnetites on poly(amidoamine)-modified graphite oxides and their novel catalytic performances towards the degradation of p-nitroaniline

“…3(b). C-C respectively [21]. The C 1s core-level spectra of pGO can be curve-fitted with three peak components at 287.6, 285.4 and 284.2 eV, shown in Fig.…”