Graphene oxide as a scaffold for bone regeneration

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO), the oxidized form of graphene, holds great potential as a component of biomedical devices, deriving utility from its ability to support a broad range of chemical functionalities and its exceptional mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. GO composites can be tuned chemically to be biomimetic, and mechanically to be stiff yet strong. These unique properties make GO-based materials promising candidates as a scaffold for bone regeneration. However, questions still exist as to the compatibility and long-term toxicity of nanocarbon materials. Unlike other nanocarbons, GO is meta-stable, water dispersible, and autodegrades in water on the timescale of months to humic acid-like materials, the degradation products of all organic matter. Thus, GO offers better prospects for biological compatibility over other nanocarbons. Recently, many publications have demonstrated enhanced osteogenic performance of GO-containing composites. Ongoing work toward surface modification or coating strategies could be useful to minimize the inflammatory response and improve compatibility of GO as a component of medical devices. Furthermore, biomimetic modifications could offer mechanical and chemical environments that encourage osteogenesis. So long as care is given to assure their safety, GO-based materials may be poised to become the next generation scaffold for bone regeneration. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1437. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1437 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

Phosphate graphene as an intrinsically osteoinductive scaffold for stem cell-driven bone regeneration

“…Innate osteoinductivity has been suggested for GO (40)(41)(42)(43), but the effect was minimal under these conditions. Of 10 injections of GO with BMSCs, only 1 showed the presence of cyan donor cells after 8 wk, showing a weak ability of GO to retain donor cells at the implantation site (Fig.…”

The Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Material on Osteogenesis

“…Nowdays, graphene is being studied as a means of enhancing bone regeneration [ 15 , 16 ]. At the atomic level, graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice [ 17 ].…”

Effects of Co-Culture of Graphene Oxide Scaffolds with Different Concentrations and Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells

“…Compared between groups, the difference between GO + MSC group, MSC group and GO group was not statistically signi cant (P > 0.05), and the difference between blank group was statistically signi cant (P < 0.05) ( Table 1). 1) 21.020 ± 0.026 2) 17.624 ± 0.127 3) Group B 23.662 ± 0.056 20.544 ± 0.085 4) 19.424 ± 0.046 5) 17.799 ± 0.049 6) P value 0.029 0.430 0.254 0.725…”

“…Recently, the signi cant advantages of graphene oxides (GO) used as cell scaffold materials have attracted tremendous interests due to their large surface areas, friendly biological compatibility and good hydrophility. [1][2][3][4][5] As an ideal seed cell in tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been widely used in the eld of regenerative medicine. [6][7][8][9][10][11] MSC has the effect of regulating local immunity and improving the in ammatory environment.…”