Graphene oxide: An efficient material and recent approach for biotechnological and biomedical applications

Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…The development of probes for the tracing of these changes can contribute to the explanation of intricate biological processes [9,88]. The sensing of glucose, DNA, RNA, dopamine, the cytochrome complex, intracellular redox state, and pH sensing in cell microenvironments can be among biochemical and biophysical parameters which need to be monitored [78,[88][89][90][91][92][93]. They can be used for the early diagnosis of lung cancer, breast cancers, and ovarian carcinomas, or for the determination of cystadenocarcinoma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).…”

“…It has been supposed that the antibacterial activities are mediated by the physicochemical interactions between GO and microbial agents. Three main mechanisms of actions were suggested, namely, nanoknives due to sharp edges, oxidative stress, and the wrapping or trapping of bacterial membranes by flexible, thin An advantage of GO is the presence of its hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, which have allowed the development of novel sensing methods, such as electrochemical detection, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors, and laser desorption coupled with ionization mass spectrometry [89,91].…”

A 2D metal–organic framework/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure for supercapacitor application

“…7,[21][22][23][24] Among these hybridizing with graphene based materials can give improved performance because of their large internal surface area for anchoring MOFs materials and excellent electrical conductivity for electron transport. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] For example, Yaghi et al 18 showed as hybridizing MOFs with graphene has potential to enhance electrode materials for supercapacitor application. Zhou et al 32 reported Ni-MOFs@GO as pseudocapacitors materials with a capacitance of 1457.7 F g À1 at a current density of 1 A g À1 .…”

Polymer brushes on graphene oxide for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from water

“…7 Recently, carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotube, 34,35 activated carbon, 36,37 graphene, 38,39 graphene oxide (GO) [40][41][42][43] seem to be ideal candidates for the extraction of heavy metal cations because of their large surface area, light weight and thus potentially high adsorption performance. [46][47][48] Significant efforts have been and are being exerted to chemically modify GO with functional groups for the removal of toxic ions from water. 44,45 GO possesses various oxygen-containing groups on its surface including hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and carbonyl, which offer the possibility of functionalization with robust chelating groups for the development of highly efficient adsorbents.…”