Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications

Plachá, Daniela; Jampílek, Josef

doi:10.3390/nano9121758

Cited by 103 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…The graphitic structure consists in multi-layered graphene sheets, and it is considered that G can be found in different arrangements, such as: graphene monolayers, graphene nanosheets and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) [34,35]. This nanomaterial exhibits remarkable attributes such as mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, among others, which are summarized in Table 1 [36][37][38]. One of the most widely used graphene derivatives is graphene oxide.…”

Section: Graphenic Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene and Graphene Derivative Nanofillers: An Overview of Recent Developments

et al. 2020

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This review is focused on the recent developments of nanocomposite materials that combine a thermoplastic matrix with different forms of graphene or graphene oxide nanofillers. In all cases, the manufacturing method of the composite materials has been melt-processing, in particular, twin-screw extrusion, which can then be followed by injection molding. The advantages of this processing route with respect to other alternative methods will be highlighted. The results point to an increasing interest in biodegradable matrices such as polylactic acid (PLA) and graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, rather than graphene. The reasons for this will also be discussed.

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Section: Graphenic Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene and Graphene Derivative Nanofillers: An Overview of Recent Developments

et al. 2020

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“…It is a basic building block for other carbon allotropes, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphite. Graphene is a very thin, nearly transparent sheet, but it is remarkably strong (about 100 times stronger than steel), and highly electrically and thermally conductive (for a review, see [19,20,125,126]). Graphene can be prepared by various methods, which can be divided into two main categories, namely the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach.…”

Section: Characterization Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top-down approaches include treatment of graphite by mechanical or electrochemical exfoliation, intercalation or sonication, and also nanotube slicing. The bottom-up approaches include growth of graphene from carbon-metal melts, epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide, the dry ice method, and deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or dip coating a substrate with graphene oxide (GO), followed by GO reduction (for a review, see [19,20,125,126]). Graphene can be prepared in the form of monolayer or bilayer sheets, nanoplatelets, nanoflakes, nanoribbons and nanoscrolls.…”

Section: Characterization Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced GO can be prepared by chemical, thermal or pressure reduction, and even by bacteria-mediated reduction of GO, which improves its electrical properties (for a review, see [13,18,19,37,125,126]). Graphene and graphene-based materials hold a great promise not only for a wide range of industrial and technology applications, but also for biomedical applications, such as drug, gene and protein delivery, photothermal therapy, construction of biosensors, bioimaging, antimicrobial treatment, and also as scaffolds for tissue engineering (for a review, see [20]).…”

Section: Characterization Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Nanocellulose/Nanocarbon Composites: Focus on Biotechnology and Medicine

et al. 2020

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Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites are newly emerging smart hybrid materials containing cellulose nanoparticles, such as nanofibrils and nanocrystals, and carbon nanoparticles, such as “classical” carbon allotropes (fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes and nanodiamonds), or other carbon nanostructures (carbon nanofibers, carbon quantum dots, activated carbon and carbon black). The nanocellulose component acts as a dispersing agent and homogeneously distributes the carbon nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites can be prepared with many advantageous properties, such as high mechanical strength, flexibility, stretchability, tunable thermal and electrical conductivity, tunable optical transparency, photodynamic and photothermal activity, nanoporous character and high adsorption capacity. They are therefore promising for a wide range of industrial applications, such as energy generation, storage and conversion, water purification, food packaging, construction of fire retardants and shape memory devices. They also hold great promise for biomedical applications, such as radical scavenging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy of tumors and microbial infections, drug delivery, biosensorics, isolation of various biomolecules, electrical stimulation of damaged tissues (e.g., cardiac, neural), neural and bone tissue engineering, engineering of blood vessels and advanced wound dressing, e.g., with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. However, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of the composites and their components must also be taken into account.

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“…The interaction of AgNPs with cells is strongly influenced by their size, shape, surface coatings and aggregation [72]. Studies reported in the literature have shown that the specific physicochemical characteristics of graphenic materials, such as surface area, layer number, lateral dimension, surface chemistry and impurities contribute to the toxicity [73]. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of these nanomaterials is affected by the cell type, dose and exposure time.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Bacterial Growth By Pva/go-agnps Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Physical, Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide–Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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The design of new materials with antimicrobial properties has emerged in response to the need for preventing and controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms without the use of antibiotics. In this study, partially reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles (GO–AgNPs) was incorporated as a reinforcing filler with antibacterial properties to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles nanocomposites (PVA/GO–AgNPs). AgNPs, spherical in shape and with an average size of 3.1 nm, were uniformly anchored on the partially reduced GO surface. PVA/GO–AgNPs nanocomposites showed exfoliated structures with improved thermal stability, tensile properties and water resistance compared to neat PVA. The glass transition and crystallization temperatures of the polymer matrix increased with the incorporation of the hybrid. The nanocomposites displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in a filler content- and time-dependent manner. S. aureus showed higher susceptibility to PVA/GO–AgNPs films than E. coli. Inhibitory activity was higher when bacterial cells were in contact with nanocomposite films than when in contact with leachates coming out of the films. GO–AgNPs based PVA nanocomposites could find application as wound dressings for wound healing and infection prevention.

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Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 103 publications

References 171 publications

Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene and Graphene Derivative Nanofillers: An Overview of Recent Developments

Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene and Graphene Derivative Nanofillers: An Overview of Recent Developments

Applications of Nanocellulose/Nanocarbon Composites: Focus on Biotechnology and Medicine

Synthesis, Physical, Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide–Silver Nanoparticles

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