Graphene on Mica - Intercalated Water Trapped for Life

Ochedowski, Oliver; Bußmann, Benedict Kleine; Schleberger, Marika

doi:10.1038/srep06003

Cited by 71 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Note that in some cases carbon monoxide can intercalate between the substrate and graphene, which is for example the case of graphene/Pt(111) or graphene/Ir(111) systems at partial CO pressure ( p > 1×10 −6 mbar). Intercalation of water molecules at room temperature was also reported after exposure to ambient conditions . Intercalated water between graphene and Cu(111) can induce graphene fragmentation at line defects .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Decomposition of Fluorinated Graphene under Heat Treatment

Plšek

Drogowska

Valeš

et al. 2016

Chemistry A European J

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Fluorination modifies the electronic properties of graphene, and thus it can be used to provide material with on-demand properties. However, the thermal stability of fluorinated graphene is crucial for any application in electronic devices. Herein, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and Raman spectroscopy were used to address the impact of the thermal treatment on fluorinated graphene. The annealing, at up to 700 K, caused gradual loss of fluorine and carbon, as was demonstrated by XPS. This loss was associated with broad desorption of CO and HF species, as monitored by TPD. The minor single desorption peak of CF species at 670 K is suggested to rationalize defect formation in the fluorinated graphene layer during the heating. However, fluorine removal from graphene was not complete, as some fraction of strongly bonded fluorine can persist despite heating to 1000 K. The role of intercalated H2 O and OH species in the defluorination process is emphasised.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Decomposition of Fluorinated Graphene under Heat Treatment

Plšek

Drogowska

Valeš

et al. 2016

Chemistry A European J

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“…To measure the thickness of the sheets, we conducted tappingmode atomic force microscopy (AFM) on an air-dried graphene residue, where a myriad of sheets with thicknesses less than 1 nm (described in previous reports as single-layer graphene 36,37 ) was observed on a mica substrate ( Fig. 3d and Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh-throughput exfoliation of graphite into pristine ‘single-layer’ graphene using microwaves and molecularly engineered ionic liquids

et al. 2015

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Graphene has shown much promise as an organic electronic material but, despite recent achievements in the production of few-layer graphene, the quantitative exfoliation of graphite into pristine single-layer graphene has remained one of the main challenges in developing practical devices. Recently, reduced graphene oxide has been recognized as a non-feasible alternative to graphene owing to variable defect types and levels, and attention is turning towards reliable methods for the high-throughput exfoliation of graphite. Here we report that microwave irradiation of graphite suspended in molecularly engineered oligomeric ionic liquids allows for ultrahigh-efficiency exfoliation (93% yield) with a high selectivity (95%) towards 'single-layer' graphene (that is, with thicknesses <1 nm) in a short processing time (30 minutes). The isolated graphene sheets show negligible structural deterioration. They are also readily redispersible in oligomeric ionic liquids up to ~100 mg ml(-1), and form physical gels in which an anisotropic orientation of graphene sheets, once induced by a magnetic field, is maintained.

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“…Xu et al have demonstrated in their pioneering work 8 that water can be aggregated between a mica substrate and a graphene sheet on top. Water intercalation between graphene (cover) and mica (substrate) have recently received tremendous attention [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Such intercalated water is in contact with the environment through defects in the graphene cover, which we will further refer to as B-defects 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent heat induced rotation limited aggregation in 2D ice nanocrystals

Bampoulis

Siekman

Kooij

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The basic science responsible for the fascinating shapes of ice crystals and snowflakes is still not understood. Insufficient knowledge of the interaction potentials and the lack of relevant experimental access to the growth process are to blame for this failure. Here, we study the growth of fractal nanostructures in a two-dimensional (2D) system, intercalated between mica and graphene. Based on our scanning tunneling spectroscopy data, we provide compelling evidence that these fractals are 2D ice. They grow while they are in material contact with the atmosphere at 20 °C and without significant thermal contact to the ambient. The growth is studied in situ, in real time and space at the nanoscale. We find that the growing 2D ice nanocrystals assume a fractal shape, which is conventionally attributed to Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA). However, DLA requires a low mass density mother phase, in contrast to the actual currently present high mass density mother phase. Latent heat effects and consequent transport of heat and molecules are found to be key ingredients for understanding the evolution of the snow (ice) flakes. We conclude that not the local availability of water molecules (DLA), but rather them having the locally required orientation is the key factor for incorporation into the 2D ice nanocrystal. In combination with the transport of latent heat, we attribute the evolution of fractal 2D ice nanocrystals to local temperature dependent rotation limited aggregation. The ice growth occurs under extreme supersaturation, i.e., the conditions closely resemble the natural ones for the growth of complex 2D snow (ice) flakes and we consider our findings crucial for solving the "perennial" snow (ice) flake enigma.

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Graphene on Mica - Intercalated Water Trapped for Life

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

Decomposition of Fluorinated Graphene under Heat Treatment

Decomposition of Fluorinated Graphene under Heat Treatment

Ultrahigh-throughput exfoliation of graphite into pristine ‘single-layer’ graphene using microwaves and molecularly engineered ionic liquids

Latent heat induced rotation limited aggregation in 2D ice nanocrystals

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