Graphene nanoribbon based plasmonic Fresnel zone plate lenses

Deng, Sunan; Butt, Haider; Jiang, Kyle; Dlubak, Bruno; Kidambi, Piran R.; Sénéor, Pierre; Xavier, Stéphane; Yetisen, Ali K.

doi:10.1039/c6ra27942b

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As the angle of incidence increases or the groove spacing decreases, the dispersion of light increases. This is based on the grating equation when light is normally incident on the microphotonic structures; in d sin θm = n λ, where d is the distance from the center of one groove to another adjacent groove, θm is the angle of diffraction measured from the normal, n is the order of diffraction, and λ is the diffracted wavelength [36]. For a 1D grating, the periodic grooves (d=25 µm) were designed to be parallel to each other ( Figure 1d); while the periodic grooves (d=35 µm) were designed to be perpendicular to each other for the 2D grating ( Figure 1e).…”

Section: Fft-based Design and Fabrication Of Microphotonic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser ablation of transparent microphotonic devices and computer-generated holograms

et al. 2017

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Femtosecond laser ablation allows direct patterning of engineering materials in industrial settings without requiring multistage processes such as photolithography or electron beam lithography. However, femtosecond lasers have not been widely used to construct volumetric microphotonic devices and holograms with high reliability and cost efficiency. Here, a direct femtosecond laser writing process is developed to rapidly produce transmission 1D/2D gratings, Fresnel Zone Plate lenses, and computer-generated holograms. The optical properties including light transmission, angle-dependent resolution, and light polarization effects for the microphotonic devices have been characterized. Varying the depth of the microgratings from 400 nm to 1.5 μm allowed the control over their transmission intensity profile. The optical properties of the 1D/2D gratings were validated through a geometrical theory of diffraction model involving 2D phase modulation. The produced Fresnel lenses had transmission efficiency of ∼60% at normal incidence and they preserved the polarization of incident light. The computer-generated holograms had an average transmission efficiency of 35% over the visible spectrum. These microphotonic devices had wettability resistance of contact angle ranging from 44° to 125°. These devices can be used in a variety of applications including wavelength-selective filters, dynamic displays, fiber optics, and biomedical devices.

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Section: Fft-based Design and Fabrication Of Microphotonic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser ablation of transparent microphotonic devices and computer-generated holograms

et al. 2017

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“…[ 14 ] Furthermore, studies on graphene‐based metalenses [ 15 ] suggest that light intensity control is also possible by controlling the voltage bias because the optical antennas [ 16 ] based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase individually manipulate the optical terahertz phase. [ 17 ] Plasmonic FZP lenses, [ 18 ] which combine graphene‐based nanoribbons with FZP, present an ideal combination of near‐ and far‐field optics with high focal intensity and efficiency owing to the plasmonic effect of nanoribbons and the diffraction effect of the FZPs. Thus, graphene is an outstanding material for ultrathin lens which is particularly capable of electrical tuning while maintaining better electrical performance than other 2D materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus‐Tunable Planar Lenses by Controlled Carriers over Exciton

Park

Hwang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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degree of resolution is surpassing the level of human perceivability, a differentiated approach to further develop this technology is necessary. One such approach can be the application of an optically focusing device onto the display panels that controls the optical paths of individual pixels in order to facilitate holographic display. Nevertheless, conventional lenticular lenses [1] limit the design of the displays due to its high thickness, whereas conventional ultrathin diffractive lenses lack focusing controllability. Therefore, the realization of innovative technologies such as 3D display, [2] virtual reality (VR), [3] augmented reality (AR), [4] and so on requires both ultrathin and focus-tunable optical devices. Recently, microsized tunable lenses based on phase delays in anisotropic liquid crystals [5] are used to control focal lengths, and dielectric elastomer actuators (DAEs) [6] have demonstrated significant potential as electrically tunable flat lenses. Moreover, tunable metasurfaces [7] using phase-changing materials such as graphene or combinations of complexes like microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [8] and DAEs have also demonstrated their potential. While recent studies on nanoscale diffractive lenses demonstrate their potential as possible candidates for thin-film display applications, their narrow focal ranges limit their application. Graphene, however, may realize focal controllability for its unique optoelectric property; due to its unique band structure among 2D materials, its carriers can be controlled by adjusting the Fermi level. Furthermore, due to the bandgap property of graphene, the intraband excitation of carriers is dominant over the interband excitation of carriers, which results in enhanced photonic transmission and reduced absorbance. Utilizing this property, graphene-based ultrathin focusing device is fabricated that alters its optical characteristics when direct-current voltage is applied producing vertical fringe-specific electric field. The proposed device demonstrates 8.6% change in focal length and 48.85% focusing efficiency at wavelength of 405 nm. Overall, this study on electrically tunable ultrathin microlens introduces potential for holographic displays and expands the research scope in future display technologies.

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“…[13][14][15] For evaporated metal-film lens, inhomogeneous deposition of metal layers may lead to poor control over surface features and batch-to-batch variances; for graphene-based lens, their simplicity and compactness are greatly offset by the low focusing efficiency and limited mid-infrared/terahertz working wavelength ranges apart from graphene defects. [4,5] Herein we report a new strategy to fabricate Fresnel lens using our recently reported plasmene nanosheets which are tailor-made two-dimensional (2D) assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles. [8,9,16,17] Unlike evaporated metallic film or graphene, plasmene is obtained from a bottom-up self-assembly process and offers the freedom of tuning its plasmonic properties simply by adjusting sizes, shapes and orientations of constituent building blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%