Graphene nanoelectronic heterodyne sensor for rapid and sensitive vapour detection

Kulkarni, Girish S.; Reddy, K. V.; Zhong, Zhiyong; Fan, Xudong

doi:10.1038/ncomms5376

Cited by 173 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[29] It is now widely accepted that clean graphene should be inert to the presence of most of the gas molecules, although it is possible to amplify the more subtle dipole moment of a charge neutral gas molecule by switching it and mixing the modulated dipole signal in a high frequency setup for detection. [179] The previous observed sensitive responses of pristine graphene to gas molecules could be, therefore, ascribed to defective sensitivities, due to possible defects or polymer contaminations introduced during device fabrication. The edge of graphene, also plays a crucial role in the determination of its physical, electronic and chemical properties and thus in the sensing properties.…”

Section: Gfet Gas and Ion Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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Abstract. 10Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene -at least ideal graphene -is highly chemically inert. The 15 functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface -both covalently and non-covalently -are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. We are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors 20 hold great promises to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.2

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Section: Gfet Gas and Ion Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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“…The tunability of the physical properties of these nanomaterials is one of the promising features for their implementation as versatile sensing platforms 72,73 . Indeed, graphene-based physical sensors have been demonstrated in many applications in recent years, including the detection and monitoring of humidity 74 , pH 75 , chemicals 76,77 , biomolecules 73,[78][79][80] , and mechanical forces [81][82][83] . Moreover, the biocompatibility of graphene opens up further possibilities for its use as a fundamental element of implantable biophysical sensors.…”

Section: Flexible and Stretchable Sensor Materials And Fabrication Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging flexible and wearable physical sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications

2016

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There are now numerous emerging flexible and wearable sensing technologies that can perform a myriad of physical and physiological measurements. Rapid advances in developing and implementing such sensors in the last several years have demonstrated the growing significance and potential utility of this unique class of sensing platforms. Applications include wearable consumer electronics, soft robotics, medical prosthetics, electronic skin, and health monitoring. In this review, we provide a state-ofthe-art overview of the emerging flexible and wearable sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications. We first introduce the selection of flexible and stretchable materials and the fabrication of sensors based on these materials. We then compare the different solid-state and liquid-state physical sensing platforms and examine the mechanical deformation-based working mechanisms of these sensors. We also highlight some of the exciting applications of flexible and wearable physical sensors in emerging healthcare and biomedical applications, in particular for artificial electronic skins, physiological health monitoring and assessment, and therapeutic and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude this review by offering some insight into the challenges and opportunities facing this field.

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“…The detection limit of the WN/WO 3 composites sensor for NO 2 is calculated to be approximately 1.28 ppb based on signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (see the Section "Calculation of Theoretical Limit of Detection Using Signal/Noise Ratio" in Supplementary Materials), which is far below the immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) values (NO 2 : 20 ppm) defined by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The recommended NO 2 exposure limit defined by the NIOSH is 1 ppm [31]. …”

Section: Gas Sensing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous WN/WO3-Composite Nanosheets for the Chemiresistive Detection of NO2 at Room Temperature

Guarecuco

et al. 2016

Inorganics

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Abstract:Composite materials, which can optimally use the advantages of different materials, have been studied extensively. Herein, hybrid tungsten nitride and oxide (WN/WO 3 ) composites were prepared through a simple aqueous solution route followed by nitriding in NH 3 , for application as novel sensing materials. We found that the introduction of WN can improve the electrical properties of the composites, thus improving the gas sensing properties of the composites when compared with bare WO 3 . The highest sensing response was up to 21.3 for 100 ppb NO 2 with a fast response time of 50 s at room temperature, and the low detection limit was 1.28 ppb, which is far below the level that is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) values (NO 2 : 20 ppm) defined by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, the composites successfully lower the optimum temperature of WO 3 from 300˝C to room temperature, and the composites-based sensor presents good long-term stability for NO 2 of 100 ppb. Furthermore, a possible sensing mechanism is proposed.

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Graphene nanoelectronic heterodyne sensor for rapid and sensitive vapour detection

Cited by 173 publications

References 34 publications

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Emerging flexible and wearable physical sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications

Mesoporous WN/WO3-Composite Nanosheets for the Chemiresistive Detection of NO2 at Room Temperature

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