Graphene Electrochemistry: Surfactants Inherent to Graphene Can Dramatically Effect Electrochemical Processes

Brownson, Dale A. C.; Metters, Jonathan P.; Kampouris, Dimitrios K.; Banks, Craig E.

doi:10.1002/elan.201000708

Cited by 89 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…72,73 Acids are used as surfactants in this process, and so this technique may not be ideal for the synthesis of graphene for biomedical applications. [74][75][76] In addition, the surfactants are very difficult to remove. The availability of a biocompatible, nontoxic surfactant for use in this technique will greatly aid in developing better methodologies for synthesis.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Gurunathan¹,

Kim²

2016

IJN

232

140

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Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic crystal, and since its development it has been applied in many novel ways in both research and industry. Graphene possesses unique properties, and it has been used in many applications including sensors, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, transistors, components of high-strength machinery, and display screens in mobile devices. In the past decade, the biomedical applications of graphene have attracted much interest. Graphene has been reported to have antibacterial, antiplatelet, and anticancer activities. Several salient features of graphene make it a potential candidate for biological and biomedical applications. The synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene are fundamental issues that require thorough investigation in any kind of applications related to human welfare. Therefore, this review addresses the various methods available for the synthesis of graphene, with special reference to biological synthesis, and highlights the biological applications of graphene with a focus on cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-imaging, and tissue engineering, together with a brief discussion of the challenges and future perspectives of graphene. We hope to provide a comprehensive review of the latest progress in research on graphene, from synthesis to applications.

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Section: Synthesis Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Gurunathan¹,

Kim²

2016

IJN

232

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The surface cleanness of graphene also makes a contribution to the electrochemical performance. For example, surfactants, routinely used in the production of graphene and additionally in the solubilization with the aim of reducing the likelihood of coalescing, may be detrimental in the electrochemical oxidation of NADH [21]. It was suggested that given the wide variety of ionic and nonionic surfactants, the use of control experiments in the form of surfactant-modified electrodes must be performed when claims of electrocatalysis for graphene was made to deconvolute the origin of the electrochemical response, which was usually (wrongly) attributed to graphene itself!…”

Section: Nadhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene for Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Other Molecules, Gas, and Ions

Han

et al. 2014

SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

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Graphene-based electrochemical aptasensing platforms have been rapidly developed to detect different targets by combining various electrochemical techniques with aptamer-based signal conversion strategies. Electrochemical aptasensor for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection was recently realized by using functionalized graphene nanosheets. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is involved as a cofactor in hundreds of enzymatic reactions of NAD + /NADHdependent dehydrogenases. The mechanism of NADH oxidation was thoroughly studied on graphene platform. Graphene sheets also serve as good substrates for detection of various other molecules, including acetylcholine/choline, cholesterol, benzenediol isomers (hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol), and epinephrine. The unique structure and oxygenic functionalities of GO facilitate it to be easily turned into a potentially useful gas storage material and biological ionic and molecular channels. Functionalized nanopores in graphene monolayers were designed and used as ionic sieves with high selectivity and transparency. Some cations, such as Li Keywords Graphene Á Adenosine triphosphate Á Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Á Gas sensor Á Ion-selective sensor ATPAdenosine triphosphate (ATP), as the major carrier of chemical energy in living species, is an important substrate in living organisms, which plays a critical role in the regulation and integration of cellular metabolism. In addition, it has also been used as an indicator for cell viability and cell injury [1]. Therefore, the detection of ATP is highly important in biochemical study and clinic diagnosis. Electrochemical aptasensor represents an attractive choice, which is simple, rapid, and allows device miniaturization. Until now, graphene-based electrochemical aptasensing platforms

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“…141 However, percussion is required in this method since the use of additional surfactants as exfoliating agents may alter the pristine properties of the resulting nanosheets. 142 The advantage of liquid exfoliation over the solid exfoliation process lies in simplicity and scaling up the yield of 2D nanomaterials at low cost. Paton et al explored a high-shear mixing technique of graphite in NMP to obtain graphene nanosheets in large scale.…”

Section: Liquid Exfoliation Routementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of surfactants and polymers in this process may cause irreversible functionalization of the nanosheets which affects electrochemical behaviors. 142 In the case of intercalation by organometallic compounds, the experimental process often requires high temperatures and long reaction times. 111,112 Hence, the preparation process of the electrochemical intercalation method is mild compared to other reported routes.…”

Section: LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials towards Electrochemical Nanoarchitectonics in Energy-Related Applications

Khan

Ghosh

Pradhan

et al. 2017

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

382

197

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includes self-assembled fullerene crystals design from zero-to-higher dimensions, mesoporous fullerene crystals and their conversion into graphitic mesoporous carbons, high surface area nanoporous carbon material design from agro-waste for electrochemical supercapacitors and VOC adsorption. Somobrata AcharyaSomobrata Acharya received his Ph.D. degree from Jadavpur University, India. He is currently Associate Professor in the Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), India. He is carrying out research in interdisciplinary areas probing structure-property relationship and possible applications of semiconductor nanomaterials in the areas of energy generation and consumption. His research area includes heterostructures, 2D nanostructures, superlattices, supramolecular assemblies and their suitable applications. Katsuhiko ArigaKatsuhiko Ariga received his Ph.D. degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is currently the Director of Supermolecules Group and Principal Investigator of World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). His research is oriented to supramolecular chemistry, surface science, and functional nanomaterials (Langmuir-Blodgett film, layer-by-layer assembly, self-organized materials, sensing and drug delivery, molecular recognition, mesoporous material, etc. and he is now trying to combine them into a unified field. AbstractDesigning nanoscale components and units into functional defined systems and materials has recently received attention as a nanoarchitectonics approach. In particular, exploration of nanoarchitectonics in two-dimensions (2D) has made great progress these days. Basically, 2D nanomaterials are a center of interest owing to the large surface areas suitable for a variety of surface active applications. The increasing demands for alternative energy generation have significantly promoted the rational design and fabrication of a variety of 2D nanomaterials since the discovery of graphene. In 2D nanomaterials, the charge carriers are confined along the thickness while being allowed to move along the plane. Owing to the large planar area, 2D nanomaterials are highly sensitive to external stimuli, a characteristic suitable for a variety of surface active applications including electrochemistry. Because of the unique

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Graphene Electrochemistry: Surfactants Inherent to Graphene Can Dramatically Effect Electrochemical Processes

Cited by 89 publications

References 42 publications

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Graphene for Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Other Molecules, Gas, and Ions

Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials towards Electrochemical Nanoarchitectonics in Energy-Related Applications

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