Graphene: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Copper from Methane, Ethane and Propane: Evidence for Bilayer Selectivity (Small 9/2012)

Wassei, Jonathan K.; Mecklenburg, Matthew; Torres, Jaime A.; Fowler, Jesse D.; Regan, B. C.; Kaner, Richard B.

doi:10.1002/smll.201290052

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The degree of graphitization, the amount of disordered phase converted in their graphitic counterpart, can be further increased by performing thermal treatment under high pressure (100-1000 MPa) [127]. Graphitic materials can also be obtained by CVD of hydrocarbons, such as methane [128] or ethane [129] at T ~ 1200 °C or by catalytic (c-CVD) and these synthetic methods are reviewed in section V.…”

Section: Ii11 Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

Production and processing of graphene and related materials

et al. 2020

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We present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures. We adopt a ‘hands-on’ approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature as well as from the authors’ experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results. Section is devoted to ‘bottom up’ approaches, whereby individual constituents are pieced together into more complex structures. We consider graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced either by solution processing or by on-surface synthesis in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as well carbon nanomembranes (CNM). Production of a variety of GNRs with tailored band gaps and edge shapes is now possible. CNMs can be tuned in terms of porosity, crystallinity and electronic behaviour. Section covers ‘top down’ techniques. These rely on breaking down of a layered precursor, in the graphene case usually natural crystals like graphite or artificially synthesized materials, such as highly oriented pyrolythic graphite, monolayers or few layers (FL) flakes. The main focus of this section is on various exfoliation techniques in a liquid media, either intercalation or liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). The choice of precursor, exfoliation method, medium as well as the control of parameters such as time or temperature are crucial. A definite choice of parameters and conditions yields a particular material with specific properties that makes it more suitable for a targeted application. We cover protocols for the graphitic precursors to graphene oxide (GO). This is an important material for a range of applications in biomedicine, energy storage, nanocomposites, etc. Hummers’ and modified Hummers’ methods are used to make GO that subsequently can be reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a variety of strategies. GO flakes are also employed to prepare three-dimensional (3d) low density structures, such as sponges, foams, hydro- or aerogels. The assembly of flakes into 3d structures can provide improved mechanical properties. Aerogels with a highly open structure, with interconnected hierarchical pores, can enhance the accessibility to the whole surface area, as relevant for a number of applications, such as energy storage. The main recipes to yield graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are also discussed. GICs are suitable precursors for covalent functionalization of graphene, but can also be used for the synthesis of uncharged graphene in solution. Degradation of the molecules intercalated in GICs can be triggered by high temperature treatment or microwave irradiation, creating a gas pressure surge in graphite and exfoliation. Electrochemical exfoliation by applying a voltage in an electrolyte to a graphite electrode can be tuned by varying precursors, electrolytes and potential. Graphite electrodes can be either negatively or positively intercalated to obtain GICs that are subsequently exfoliated. We also discuss the materials that can be amenable to exfoliation, by ...

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Section: Ii11 Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

Production and processing of graphene and related materials

et al. 2020

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“…Methane is used as a highquality carbon source for the deposition and production of carbon materials such as PyG, graphene, and fullerene, the nal product of methane pyrolysis is C and H 2 (ref. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. In the simulation box, the starting carbon source in the simulated system can be considered as the cracked carbon from CH 4 carbon source, and the carbon source ux rate was characterized by the carbon atom ux rate (CDR) deposited on the substrate, which was set to 10 ps −1 .…”

Section: Simulation Box Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%