Graphene and its Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Applications

Saini, Parveen; Kuila, Tapas; Saha, Sanjit; Murmu, Naresh Chandra

doi:10.1002/9781118774038.ch15

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Thus, a variety of ammonia sensors based on organic materials have been developed because some general ammonia detectors or sensors always require high work temperature (such as γ-Fe 2 O 3 and γ-Fe 2 O 3 –TiO 2 , WO 3 , SnO 2 , etc. − ) or are time-consuming by nature (for example, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detectors). Among these organic materials, polyaniline (PANI), a classical conducting polymer − with low work temperature, good environmental stability, low cost, and high thermal stability, has been demonstrated to be a promising candidate in gas sensors. − However, PANI is infusible, almost insoluble and non-processable, and its physical and mechanical properties are not satisfactory for some applications. In comparison with other structures, nanostructures, for example, nanofibers, can provide a high specific surface area deriving from their porous nature, which results in them being highly competitive for making novel gas sensors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Sensing Performance of Polyaniline-Coated Polyamide 6 Nanofibers

et al. 2021

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To understand the properties of polyaniline (PANI), aim gas, and the interaction between them in PANI-based gas sensors and help us to design sensors with better properties, direct calculations with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were done in this work. Polyamide 6/polyaniline (PA6/PANI) nanofiber ammonia gas sensors were studied as an example here, and the structural, morphological, and ammonia sensing properties (to 50–250 ppm ammonia) of PA6/PANI nanofibers were tested and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a homemade test system. The PA6/PANI nanofibers were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline with electrospun PA6 nanofibers as templates and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a doping agent for PANI, and the sensors show rapid response, ideal selectivity, and acceptable repeatability. Then, complementary molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand how ammonia molecules interact with HCl-doped PANI chains, thus providing insights into the molecular-level details of the ammonia sensing performances of this system. Results of the radial distribution functions and mean square displacement analysis of the MD simulations were consistent with the dedoping mechanism of the PANI chains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Sensing Performance of Polyaniline-Coated Polyamide 6 Nanofibers

et al. 2021

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“…However, they have disadvantages like complex fabrication steps, high power consumption, high temperature operation, and so forth [7,10,11]. In this context, conjugated polymers and their nanocomposites have shown great promise as gas sensing material due to advantages in terms of facile synthesis; tunable electrical and optoelectronic properties; processing via solution route; good sensitivity of their thin film based sensor towards a number of acidic/basic gases; improved response, recovery, and sensitivity and, most importantly, room temperature operation [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17]. Among various conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) is considered the most promising material for gas sensing purpose, due to its low monomer cost, lab scale synthesis via chemical route, and flexibility in tuning of electrical properties, particle morphology, environmental/thermal stability, and processability via selection of dopant and adjustment of oxidation level [7,12,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Sensing by PANI-DBSA Based Gas Sensor Exploiting Kelvin Probe Technique

Yadav

Agarwal

et al. 2015

Journal of Nanoparticles

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Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) doped polyaniline (PANI-DBSA) has been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of DBSA. The UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the formation of PANI and its doping by DBSA. SEM images show the formation of submicron size rod shaped PANI particles. A vibrating capacitor based ammonia gas sensor was prepared by spin coating PANI-DBSA film over copper (Cu) substrate. The sensor exploited Kelvin probe technique to monitor contact potential difference between PANI and Cu as a function of time and ammonia concentration. Upon exposure to 30 ppm ammonia, the sensor displays response time of 329 s, recovery time of 3600 s, and sensitivity value of 1.54 along with good repeatability.

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Improved Ammonia Sensing by Solution Processed Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Doped Polyaniline Nanorod Networks

et al. 2019

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Dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanorods have been synthesized by a templateless route via in-situ emulsion polymerization of aniline in aqueous DBSA solution. XRD patterns, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis confirm the formation of PANI and PANI-DBSA, whereas FESEM images revealed their elongated rod shaped morphology. The chloroform dispersion of synthesized PANI-DBSA was spin coated over prefabricated interdigitated Pt patterned glass substrate to realize porous gas sensing active layer. The sensor displays good response in 1-1200 ppm ammonia concentration range and can repeatedly detect 300 ppm of ammonia with response time of 6 s, recovery time of 37 s and relative response value of 9.57. Besides, its response was found to be linear for 1-50 ppm ammonia concentration with relative response per ppm value of 0.01675. INDEX TERMS Ammonia gas sensor, conducting polymer, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid doped polyaniline.

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Graphene and its Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 139 publications

Ammonia Sensing Performance of Polyaniline-Coated Polyamide 6 Nanofibers

Ammonia Sensing Performance of Polyaniline-Coated Polyamide 6 Nanofibers

Ammonia Sensing by PANI-DBSA Based Gas Sensor Exploiting Kelvin Probe Technique

Improved Ammonia Sensing by Solution Processed Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Doped Polyaniline Nanorod Networks

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