Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Dental Applications: Principles, Current Advances, and Future Outlook

Abstract

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been used in dental fields over the past years. Among them, graphene and its derivatives have attracted great attentions, owing to their excellent physicochemical property, morphology, biocompatibility, multi-differentiation activity, and antimicrobial activity. In our review, we summarized the recent progress about their applications on the dentistry. The synthesis methods, structures, and properties of graphene-based materials are discussed. Then, the dental applications of graphene-based materials are emphatically collected and described. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of graphene-based nanomaterials on the dental applications are discussed in this paper, aiming at inspiring more excellent studies.

Post-gel shrinkage strain and degree of conversion of nanohybrid resin composite containing graphene oxide nanoparticles

“…(3696) Many trials have been suggested in order to decrease this polymerization shrinkage such as incremental packing of the resin composite restorations, soft-start light curing method, changing in the chemistry of the resin matrix, incorporation of higher fillers content and using of indirect resin composite restorations 2,3 . One of the newly introduced nanofillers in the medical and dental field is the graphene oxide [11][12][13] . Graphene oxide reported an improvement in the mechanical properties of polymeric materials 13,14 .…”

“…Graphene oxide contains oxygen atoms bonded to carbon atoms and contains many functional groups at its surface such as oxygen, epoxide, carbonyl, phenyl and hydroxyl groups. However, reduced graphene oxide can be considered as an intermediate structure between the purely-carbon graphene and highly-oxidized graphene oxide 11,12 .…”

“…The graphene and its derivatives reported an improvement in the modulus of elasticity, surface hardness, compressive strength and flexural strength 13,14 . Moreover, graphene and its derivatives showed an antibacterial effect after their integration with different materials [11][12][13][14] . As a result of these unique properties, they were tested by adding to many materials such as poly methyl methacrylate, resin composites, glass ionomer cement, orthodontics adhesives and dentine adhesives 14,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Graphene and Graphene Based Nanocomposites for Bio‐Medical and Bio‐safety Applications

“…Several substances, including proteins, peptides, microRNA, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, antibiotics, silver nanoparticles, etc., as well as other combinations of these, are being investigated for use as implant coatings to enhance dental applications. From these, graphene oxide and its derived materials have proved benefit in biological applications, and in recent years, the number of studies looking at graphene and its derivatives as a reinforcing phase in composite coatings has been growing quickly [136] …”

Medical and Dental Applications of Titania Nanoparticles: An Overview

“…Additionally, graphene was a material of choice for various dental applications such as in bone grafting, tissue engineering, pulp and periodontium regeneration, dental cements and adhesives, resins, whitening agents, dental implants collagen membranes, and biomarkers of oral saliva. The use of graphene in dentistry resulted in enhanced positive outcomes, but its manufacturing for industrial purposes was quite challenging and time-consuming [ 173 ]. This was an initial step that opened a gateway to the incorporation of other biocompatible and cost-effective nanomaterials in the future nanodentistry.…”