Graphene-based field effect transistor biosensors for breast cancer detection: A review on biosensing strategies

Novodchuk, I.; Bajcsy, Michal; Yavuz, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.10.048

Cited by 74 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Figure 4 A shows the ambipolar transfer characteristics of a GFET resulting in a V-shaped curve where the left branch represents the increasing density of positive charge carriers (holes) and the right branch represents the increasing density of negative charge carriers (electrons) [ 21 ]. The critical transition voltage between the two regions where the current reaches a minimum is called the charge neutrality point (V CNP ) or the Dirac voltage (V Dirac ) [ 22 ]. The slope of the transfer curve (

in each region indicates the transconductance (

for the hole and the electron, respectively and can be calculated by measuring the slopes of each branch of Figure 4 A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Khan

Song

2021

Sensors

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Aptamer-immobilized graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have become a well-known detection platform in the field of biosensing with various biomarkers such as proteins, bacteria, virus, as well as chemicals. A conventional aptamer immobilization technique on graphene involves a two-step crosslinking process. In the first step, a pyrene derivative is anchored onto the surface of graphene and, in the second step, an amine-terminated aptamer is crosslinked to the pyrene backbone with EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. However, this process often requires the use of organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which are typically polar aprotic solvents and hence dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds. The use of such solvents can be especially problematic in the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip or point-of-care diagnostic platforms as they can attack vulnerable materials such as polymers, passivation layers and microfluidic tubing leading to device damage and fluid leakage. To remedy such challenges, in this work, we demonstrate the use of pyrene-tagged DNA aptamers (PTDA) for performing a one-step aptamer immobilization technique to implement a GFET-based biosensor for the detection of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein biomarker. In this approach, the aptamer terminal is pre-tagged with a pyrene group which becomes soluble in aqueous solution. This obviates the need for using organic solvents, thereby enhancing the device integrity. In addition, an external electric field is applied during the functionalization step to increase the efficiency of aptamer immobilization and hence improved coverage and density. The results from this work could potentially open up new avenues for the use of GFET-based BioMEMS platforms by broadening the choice of materials used for device fabrication and integration.

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in each region indicates the transconductance (

for the hole and the electron, respectively and can be calculated by measuring the slopes of each branch of Figure 4 A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larger the value of the on-off ratio, the better the sensitivity of the GFET since the device will exhibit better immunity to noise. An on-off ratio value of ~8 was calculated for the used devices which is above average for GFET devices grown by a CVD technique [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Khan

Song

2021

Sensors

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“…They reported a dual-gate ISFET sensor structure, as depicted in Figure 12 , which is developed in a standard 0.18 µm SOI-CMOS process followed by an additional backside process [ 81 ]. Using poly gate (PG) (see Figure 12 ) as the second gate of double-gated CMOS standard ISFET structure, helped them to significantly improve the characteristics of ISFETs such as 155 times improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 53 times improvement in drift rates, 3.7 times hysteresis reduction, and last but not least, 7.5 times sensitivity increment [ 82 ]. Back gate structure has been used frequently in FET structures in which nanomaterials (please see Figure 3 b) were deposited on the oxide and played the role of main conductive channel.…”

Section: Sensing Mechanism and Different Structures Of Chem/biofetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Back gate structure has been used frequently in FET structures in which nanomaterials (please see Figure 3 b) were deposited on the oxide and played the role of main conductive channel. The most noteworthy ones are CNT-based FETs [ 83 ], grapheme-FETs [ 82 ], silicon nanowire (SiNW)-FETs [ 84 ], MoS2 FETs [ 85 ], MOF FETs [ 42 ], ZnO FETs [ 42 , 86 ] and other nanomaterials utilized the double gate and in the form of a solution gate and a back gate for sensing procedures.…”

Section: Sensing Mechanism and Different Structures Of Chem/biofetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Field-Effect Transistor Technology for Infectious Diseases

et al. 2021

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Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have been intensively researched toward label-free biomolecule sensing for different disease screening applications. High sensitivity, incredible miniaturization capability, promising extremely low minimum limit of detection (LoD) at the molecular level, integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and last but not least label-free operation were amongst the predominant motives for highlighting these sensors in the biosensor community. Although there are various diseases targeted by FET sensors for detection, infectious diseases are still the most demanding sector that needs higher precision in detection and integration for the realization of the diagnosis at the point of care (PoC). The COVID-19 pandemic, nevertheless, was an example of the escalated situation in terms of worldwide desperate need for fast, specific and reliable home test PoC devices for the timely screening of huge numbers of people to restrict the disease from further spread. This need spawned a wave of innovative approaches for early detection of COVID-19 antibodies in human swab or blood amongst which the FET biosensing gained much more attention due to their extraordinary LoD down to femtomolar (fM) with the comparatively faster response time. As the FET sensors are promising novel PoC devices with application in early diagnosis of various diseases and especially infectious diseases, in this research, we have reviewed the recent progress on developing FET sensors for infectious diseases diagnosis accompanied with a thorough discussion on the structure of Chem/BioFET sensors and the readout circuitry for output signal processing. This approach would help engineers and biologists to gain enough knowledge to initiate their design for accelerated innovations in response to the need for more efficient management of infectious diseases like COVID-19.

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“…The application of carbon or graphene-based nanomaterials especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors has become more intense the last decade [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , since it is found that the nano-structuring of the transducer-electrode improves by far all their operation and efficiency features. For example, Chin et al [95] modifying the screen printed electrodes with carbon nanoparticles ascertained that the charge transfer kinetics is significantly enhanced, and so the biosensor current response was improved by 63%.…”

Section: Carbon and Graphene-based Sars-cov-2 Electrochemical Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging materials for the electrochemical detection of COVID-19

Balkourani

Brouzgou

Archonti

et al. 2021

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Graphene-based field effect transistor biosensors for breast cancer detection: A review on biosensing strategies

Cited by 74 publications

References 128 publications

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Recent Advances of Field-Effect Transistor Technology for Infectious Diseases

Emerging materials for the electrochemical detection of COVID-19

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