Graphene as a flexible electrode: review of fabrication approaches

Tan, Russell Kai Liang; Reeves, Sean P.; Hashemi, Nooshin; Thomas, Deepak George; Kavak, Emrah; Montazami, Reza; Hashemi, Nastaran

doi:10.1039/c7ta05759h

Cited by 123 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…On one hand, the inherent characteristics of graphene and its derivatives, such as a large surface area and planar geometry, good electrical conductivity (ultrahigh mobility, ballistic transport, anomalous quantum Hall effect, nonzero minimum quantum conductivity, Anderson weak local change, and Klein tunneling), high chemical and thermal stabilities, and low toxicity, as well as being readily functionalizable, enable the effective detection of various stimuli [6][7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, additional unique superiorities, such as their lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and generally good processability, as well as their good compatibility with large-area and flexible solid supports, endow these materials with great potential for the manufacturing of sensing devices using a wide range of desirable or arbitrary solid supports [11][12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, diverse assembly and processing approaches, such as chemical modification, interfacial assembly, nanodoping, layer-by-layer assembly, laser scribing, dip-coating and others, can be employed to obtain graphene materials with new functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

et al. 2019

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HIGHLIGHTS• Tremendous progress has been advanced by research into graphene and its derivatives with great benefits toward low-cost, portable, and real-time tactile sensors/electronic skin.• The review presented herein direct future efforts aimed at high-quality graphene-based tactile sensors and their implications for the wider scientific community.• The paper also are informative regarding some basic and crucial issues regarding graphene and its derivatives, such as charge-transport principles, doping/trapping behaviors, correlations between structure/morphology and properties/functions.ABSTRACT Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimulations. Recently, the development of electronic skin (E-skin) for the mimicry of the human sensory system has drawn great attention due to its potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems, advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-of graphene materials; (2) state-of-the-art protocols recently developed for high-performance tactile sensing, including representative examples; and (3) perspectives and current challenges for graphene-based tactile sensors in E-skin applications. A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-quality tactile sensing devices and paves a path for their future commercial applications in the field of E-skin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

et al. 2019

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“…Despite these advantages of S cathodes, some drawbacks still hinder the practical application of Li‐S batteries, such as (a) the poor electrical insulation of S (5 × 10 −30 S cm −1 at 25°C) and corresponding sulfides during cycling; (b) the noticeable volume changes (80%) of S cathode during the cycling; and (c) the dissolution of intermediates, as known, polysulfide (Li 2 S x , 4 ≤ x ≤ 8), which would shuttle between two electrodes, leading to severe capacity fading and the deterioration of electrochemical performance . Many research work have been made to solve these aforementioned problems . Among various strategies, embedding S into conductive carbon matrixes (eg, microporous carbon, micro/mesoporous carbon, and hollow carbon sphere) is confirmed to be an effective way for the excellent conductivity and large surface area of carbon matrixes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 Many research work have been made to solve these aforementioned problems. 1,12,13 Among various strategies, embedding S into conductive carbon matrixes (eg, microporous carbon, [14][15][16] micro/mesoporous carbon, 17,18 and hollow carbon sphere 19 ) is confirmed to be an effective way for the excellent conductivity and large surface area of carbon matrixes. Recently, carbon aerogel (CA), possessing abundant pore structures, large specific surface, and high electrical conductivity, has been employed as an excellent new kind of conductive S hosts for Li-S batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of ultrafine Gd₂O₃nanoparticles/carbon aerogel composite as immobilization host for cathode for lithium‐sulfur batteries

et al. 2019

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Summary Carbon aerogel (CA), possessing abundant pore structures and excellent electrical conductivity, have been utilized as conductive sulfur hosts for lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, a serious shuttle effect resulted from polysulfide ions has not been effectively suppressed yet due to the weak absorption nature of CA, resulting in rapid decay of capacity as the cycle number increases. Herein, ultrafine (~3 nm) gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (with upper redox potential of ~ 1.58 V versus Li+/Li) are uniformly in‐situ integrated with CA through directly sol‐gel polymerization and high‐temperature carbonization. The Gd2O3 modified CA composites (named as Gdx‐CA, where x means molar ratio of Gd2O3 nanoparticles to carbon) are incorporated with S. Then, the products (S/Gdx‐CA) are acted as sulfur host materials for Li‐S batteries. The results demonstrate that adding ultrafine Gd2O3 nanoparticles can dramatically improve the electrochemical properties of the composite cathodes. The S/Gd2‐CA electrode (loading with 58.9 wt% of S) possesses the best electrochemical properties, including a high initial capacity of 1210 mAh g−1 and a relatively high capacity of 555 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 C. It is noteworthy that the performance of long‐term cycle (350 cycles) for the S/Gd2‐CA (317 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and 233 mAh g−1 after 350 cycles at 1 C) is improved significantly than that of S/CA (150 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 1 C). Overall, the enhancement of electrochemical performances can be due to the strong polar nature of the ultrafine Gd2O3 nanoparticles, which provide strong adsorption sites to immobilize S and polysulfide. Furthermore, the Gd2O3 nanoparticles present a catalytic effect. Our research suggests that adding Gd2O3 nanoparticles into S/CA composite cathode is an effective and novelty method for improving the electrochemical performances of Li‐S batteries.

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“…Graphene nanosheets (GNS) consist of single-, bi-or, a few, but fewer than ten, sp 2 -hybridized layers of carbon atoms that are in the form of six-membered rings [1][2][3][4]. Graphitic forms such as 0D fullerene, 1D CNT (Carbon Nano Tubes) and 3D graphite originate from graphene nanosheets [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets through Spontaneous Sodiation Process

Thomas

Kavak

Hashemi

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Graphene is one of the emerging materials in the nanotechnology industry due to its potential applications in diverse areas. We report the fabrication of graphene nanosheets by spontaneous electrochemical reaction using solvated ion intercalation into graphite. The current literature focuses on the fabrication of graphene using lithium metal. Our procedure uses sodium metal, which results in a reduction of costs. Using various characterization techniques, we confirmed the fabrication of graphene nanosheets. We obtained an intensity ratio (I D /I G ) of 0.32 using Raman spectroscopy, interlayer spacing of 0.39 nm and our XPS results indicate that our fabricated compound is relatively oxidation free.

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Graphene as a flexible electrode: review of fabrication approaches

Abstract: This review is specifically focusing on different methods used to fabricate graphene as a flexible electrode.

Cited by 123 publications

References 202 publications

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Fabrication of ultrafine Gd₂O₃nanoparticles/carbon aerogel composite as immobilization host for cathode for lithium‐sulfur batteries

Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets through Spontaneous Sodiation Process

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Graphene as a flexible electrode: review of fabrication approaches

Abstract: This review is specifically focusing on different methods used to fabricate graphene as a flexible electrode.

Cited by 123 publications

References 202 publications

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Fabrication of ultrafine Gd2O3nanoparticles/carbon aerogel composite as immobilization host for cathode for lithium‐sulfur batteries

Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets through Spontaneous Sodiation Process

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Fabrication of ultrafine Gd₂O₃nanoparticles/carbon aerogel composite as immobilization host for cathode for lithium‐sulfur batteries