Graphdiyne Filter for Decontaminating Lead‐Ion‐Polluted Water

Abstract

into the environment is essential. Various techniques have been applied to eliminate heavy metals, such as chemical precipitation, [1,2] ion exchange, [3,4] adsorption, [5] electrochemical treatment, [6] and membrane filtration. [7] Among these methods, adsorption is considered to be an effective and widely used strategy with numerous advantages, such as generality, high efficiency, relatively low cost, and possible regeneration of the adsorbent. Adsorption is realized through van der Waals forces, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, or chemical binding between metal ions and adsorbents. Much effort has been made to develop new adsorbents and improve the performance of existing adsorbents. Recently, carbon materials, such as active carbons, [8] graphene, [9] and carbon nanotubes, [10] have been regarded as promising candidates for the adsorption of heavy metal ions due to their high specific surface areas and strong interactions with metal ions. The adsorption capacity of these carbon materials toward metal ions can be significantly increased through oxidation. [11,12] Graphdiyne is a new 2D carbon material that is composed of sp-and sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms. [13,14] This material has attracted great attention due to its impressive properties, such as high carrier mobility, [15] high nonlinear optical susceptibility, [16] low thermal conductivity, [17] and uniformly distributed pores, which are defined by the atomic structure of graphdiyne. Graphdiyne has been proposed as a promising material for application in electronic devices, energy storage, [18] gas separation, [19,20] metal-free catalysis, [21] water purification, [22,23] etc. A number of studies have examined the synthesis of this material, and graphdiyne with different morphologies [24][25][26][27] and oligomeric subunits of graphdiyne [13,28] have been achieved. Various applications of these materials have been demonstrated by taking advantage of the electrical conductivity, holetransport properties, and morphological characteristics of graphdiyne. [29][30][31][32] The acetylenic links in graphdiyne strongly interact with metal ions (Figure 1a), which can be utilized to adsorb metal ions from water. This material shows a different manner of adsorption than that of carbon adsorbents examined in previous work, in which oxygen-containing groups are generally regarded as the adsorption sites. Herein, we present the almost complete removal of lead ions from water by using a The decontamination of water polluted with heavy metal ions is of worldwide concern. Among various treatment approaches to remove metal ions from water, adsorption is regarded as an efficient method, and a variety of materials have been applied as adsorbents for the removal of metal ions from polluted water. Recently, carbon nanomaterials have been examined as alternative adsorbents due to their high specific surface areas, high removal efficiency, and strong interactions with metal ions. Graphdiyne, a new kind of carbon allotrope composed of sp-and sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms...

Dual‐function interface engineering for efficient perovskite solar cells

“…This indicates that GDY is able to suppress the formation of metallic Pb. Due to the sp hybridized structure, out‐of‐plane p z π/π * and in‐plane p x/y π/π * are present in GDY, both can lead to strong interactions between GDY and metal ions, 33 including Pb 2+ 34,35 . In addition, the Pb 4f in the XPS red‐shifts in the binding energy when GDY and PbI 2 are mixed.…”

“…Due to the sp hybridized structure, out-of-plane p z π/π* and in-plane p x/y π/π* are present in GDY, both can lead to strong interactions between GDY and metal ions, 33 including Pb 2+ . 34,35 In addition, the Pb 4f in the XPS red-shifts in the binding energy when GDY and PbI 2 are mixed. It is speculated that GDY provides electrons to Pb atom through coordination interaction, resulting in the increase of electron cloud density around Pb atom (Figure S7).…”

The Accelerating World of Graphdiynes

“…Tong, Zhang, and Liu demonstrated water remediation for Pb 2+ ions using GDY-1. [73] The Langmuir isotherm model found the maximum adsorption capacity of GDY-1 to be 470.5 mg g −1 . Desorption of Pd 2+ from GDY-1 was achieved with an efficiency of 98.3% by using 0.1 M HCl (aq).…”

Graphdiyne: Recent Achievements in Photo‐ and Electrochemical Conversion

“…The growing worldwide energy consumption and the accompanying environmental problem have diverted people's attention on carbon materials, especially the 2D materials, owing to their great advantages in high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness . Their unique 2D structures with atomic thickness and large surface area result in a high percentage of exposed more active sites and fast carrier transport, both of which are vital for various energetic and catalytic processes . Graphene, as a representative of carbon allotropes, which is composed of a single layer of sp 2 carbon atoms packed as 2D honeycomb structure, has drawn extensive attention because of its excellent mechanical, optical and electrical properties as well as high charge carrier mobility …”