The Accelerating World of Graphdiynes

Abstract

Graphdiyne (GDY), a two-dimensional allotrope of graphene, was first synthesized in 2010 and has attracted attention as a new low-dimensional carbon material. This work surveys the literature on GDYs. The history of GDYs is summarized, including their relationship with two-dimensional graphyne carbons and yearly publication trends. GDY is a molecule-based nanosheet woven from a molecular monomer, hexaethynylbenzene; thus, it is synthesized by bottom-up approaches, which allow rich variation via monomer design. The GDY family and the synthetic procedures are also described. Highly developed -conjugated electronic structures are common important features in GDY and graphene; however, the coexistence of sp and sp 2 carbons differentiates GDY from graphene. This difference gives rise to unique physical properties, such as high conductivity and large carrier mobility. Next, the theoretical and experimental studies of these properties are described in detail. A wide variety of applications have been proposed for GDYs, including electrocatalysts and energy devices, which exploit the carbon-rich nature, porous framework, and expanded -electron system of these compounds. Finally, potential uses are discussed.

Induced magnetic field in sp-hybridized carbon rings: analysis of double aromaticity and antiaromaticity in cyclo[2N]carbon allotropes

“…Since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene C 60 in 1985, 1 research on sp 2 carbon allotropes such as fullerenes, graphenes 2 and carbon nanotubes 3 has sparked the interest on the design and synthesis of a plethora of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with exceptional diversity and applications in numerous fields such as optoelectronics, gas separation, energy conversion and shortage, catalysis and medicine. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Around the same time research on different carbon allotropes with mixed sp 2 -sp hybridization 13 or solely sp hybridized carbon atoms 14 has paved the way for the discovery of new all carbon species with promising applications such as graphdiynes [15][16][17] and carbon rings. 18 Early in 1989 Diederich et al reported the gas phase generation of a highly reactive C 18 cyclocarbon 14 in which each carbon atom was bonded to two other carbons, in contrast to sp 2 hybridized allotropes where the bonding pattern involves three-coordinated carbon atoms.…”

Carbon-rich materials with three-dimensional ordering at the angstrom level

“…Precise synthesis of carbon-rich materials with controlled lattice and chemical structures is one of the dreams of organic chemists, 25 , 26 and this desire was stimulated by the realization of graphene in 2004. 27 One of the approaches for the precise synthesis involves graphdiyne ( GDY ), 13 , 28 , 29 which corresponds to a 2D allotrope of carbon. Like graphene, GDY features a π-conjugated 2D hexagonal lattice but possesses a different bonding structure in which both sp and sp2 carbons coexist ( Fig.…”

“…12 Furthermore, we have synthesized graphdiynes, which are carbon-rich materials with regular hexagonal structures at the angstrom level, by the interfacial polymerization of designed monomers. 13,14 A Fig. 1 Template technique to prepare carbon-rich materials with 3D ordering.…”

“… 12 Furthermore, we have synthesized graphdiynes, which are carbon-rich materials with regular hexagonal structures at the angstrom level, by the interfacial polymerization of designed monomers. 13 , 14 A controlled electrochemical redox reaction of graphene is another way to produce carbon-rich materials with controlled interlayer distances at the angstrom level. 15 This series of studies provides a new method to synthesize porous carbon materials containing controlled pores and structures at the angstrom level.…”

Atomic Thickness Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications

“…[19,30] Graphene, an atomically thin 2D layered material, has attracted numerous attentions in diversely catalytic applications due to the ultrahigh specific surface area and high electrical conductivity. [31][32][33][34] Meanwhile, other layered ATCs have been developed as well, for example, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), [20,[35][36][37][38][39] MXenes, [40,41] layered double hydroxides (LDHs), [9,27,42,43] graphdiynes (GDY), [44,45] etc. In addition, extensive researches on nonlayered nanostructured ATCs further enriched the exploration of ATCs family members.…”