Graph Theory and the EntropyConcept in Histochemistry

Kayser, Klaus; Gabius, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1016/s0079-6336(97)80003-4

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These tools were used to determine the expression of accessible carbohydrate-binding sites which were not negatively affected by the processing of tissue specimen. For example, in breast and lung cancer these tools have described tumor typeassociated differences in the capacity to bind sugar ligands based on lectin expression [Gabius et al, 1986Kayser et al, 1989;Kayser and Gabius, 1997].…”

Section: Theoretical Basis For Selection Of Glycohistochemical Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Inflammation- and Neoplasia-Associated Alterations in Human Large Intestine Using Plant/Invertebrate Lectins, Galectin-1 and Neoglycoproteins

Brinck¹,

Korabiowska

Bosbach³

et al. 1998

Cells Tissues Organs

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Commonly, plant and invertebrate lectins are accepted glycohistochemical tools for the analysis of normal and altered structures of glycans in histology and pathology. Mammalian lectins and neoglycoproteins are recent additions to this panel for the detection of lectin-reactive carbohydrate epitopes and glycoligand-binding sites. The binding profiles of these three types of probes were comparatively analyzed in normal, inflamed and neoplastic large intestine. In normal colonic mucosa the intracellular distribution of glycoconjugates and carbohydrate ligand-binding sites in enterocytes reveals a differential binding of lectins with different specificity and of neoglycoproteins to the Golgi apparatus, the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the apical cell surface. The accessible glycoligand-binding sites and the lectin-reactive carbohydrate epitopes detected by galectin-1 show the same pattern of intracellular location excluding the apical cell surface. Lectin-reactive carbohydrate epitopes detected by plant lectins of identical monosaccharide specificity as the endogenous lectin [Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), Viscum album agglutinin (VAA)], however, clearly differ with respect to their intracellular distribution. Maturation-associated differences and heterogeneity in glycohistochemical properties of epithelial cells and non-epithelial cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes) are found. Dissimilarities in the fine structural ligand recognition of lectins with nominal specificity to the same monosaccharide have been demonstrated for the galactoside-specific lectins RCA-I, VAA and galectin-1 as well as the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-specific lectins Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin in normal mucosa and in acute appendicitis. Acute inflammation of the intestinal mucosa found in acute phlegmonous appendicitis is associated with selective changes of glycosylation of mucin in goblet cells mainly of lower and middle crypt segments resulting in an increase of DBA- and SBA-binding sites in the goblet cell population. Appendicitis causes no detectable alteration of neoglycoprotein binding. In contrast, tumorigenesis of colonic adenoma is characterized by increases in lectin-reactive galactose (Gal; Gal-β1, 3-GalNAc), fucose and N-acetylglucosamine moieties and by enhanced presentation of respective carbohydrate ligand-binding capacity. This work reveals that endogenous lectins and neoglycoproteins are valuable glycohistochemical tools supplementing the well-known analytic capacities of plant lectins in the fields of gastrointestinal anatomy and gastroenteropathology.

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Section: Theoretical Basis For Selection Of Glycohistochemical Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Inflammation- and Neoplasia-Associated Alterations in Human Large Intestine Using Plant/Invertebrate Lectins, Galectin-1 and Neoglycoproteins

Brinck¹,

Korabiowska

Bosbach³

et al. 1998

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The number of stem lines, the percentage of tumor cells with an integrated optical density (IOD) >3C, or >5C, the S-phase-related tumor cell fraction, the entropy [according to [32][33][34], and the current of entropy of the metastases were measured on Feulgen-stained slides by an automated image analyzing system. The self-written programs were based upon the commercially available DIAS language (Towersoft, Berlin, Germany) and also include syntactic structure analysis of the two-dimensional images.…”

Section: Histology and Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This network can be based upon all cells or certain cellular subfractions such as tumor cells, lymphocytes, or cells displaying a comparable nuclear feature (S-phaserelated IOD, IOD >5C), etc. The construction of the MST readily enables the assessment of distances between neighboring tumor cells, tumor cells and lymphocytes, proliferating tumor cells, tumor cells with an IOD >5C, and of the MST entropy and the current of MST entropy (lung metastases only) [32].…”

Section: Histology and Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their synthetic preparation or purification, labeling under activity-preserving conditions, and the set of positive and negative controls were performed, as described in detail elsewhere [18,19,[27][28][29]35,36]. The ligandohistochemical procedures were based upon the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) technique, using a concentration of 10 g/ml and an incubation time of 60 min, as described previously [32,37,38]. In both techniques, the conventional peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used with horseradish peroxidase and diaminobenzidine/ H 2 O 2 for visualization of the specifically bound probes.…”

Section: Immuno-and Ligandohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary metastases of breast carcinomas: Ligandohistochemical, nuclear, and structural analysis of primary and metastatic tumors with emphasis on period of occurrence of metastases and survival

Kayser¹,

Biechele²,

Kayser³

et al. 1998

J. Surg. Oncol.

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Background and Objectives Pulmonary metastases of breast carcinomas have a high frequency and are often subject to surgical intervention. To contribute to advances in the knowledge about morphometric and biochemical parameters of primary tumors and their metastatic lesions, analysis of syntactic structure and thermodymanic aspects as well as of expression of distinct glycohistochemical features with respect to period of metastasis occurrence and patient survival is desirable. Methods Clinical history, surgical findings, histopathological reports, survival of the patients with a maximum follow‐up of 15 years, and paraffin blocks of 32 breast carcinoma specimens and their pulmonary metastases were examined. Only potentially curative resections of both the breast carcinoma and their metastases have been included for anlysis. The following markers were applied: neoglycoconjugates with histoblood group A‐ and H‐trisaccharides, lactose, α‐N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine and the Forssman disaccharide, a polyclonal immunoglobulin G fraction from human serum with specificity for 9‐0‐acetylated sialic acid, which is a tumor marker for melanomas, the serum lectins serum amyloid P component and mannan‐binding lectin, the mannose‐specific plant lectin concanavalin A, and monoclonal antibodies specific for estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. In addition, measurements of the integrated optical density (IOD) and tissue structure were performed. Results The frequency of expression of hormone receptors and expression of binding capacities to most of the applied probes was similar between the primary and metastatic tumors; however, it varied markedly between different patients. For the IOD parameters, a close association between the primary tumors and their metastases was seen, especially a rather low S‐phase‐related tumor cell fraction and a high percentage of tumor cells with an IOD >5C. The mean time for the development of intrapulmonary metastases measured 43 months. It was considerably longer in progesterone receptor‐negative tumors (49.7 months) and those with a lack of expression of sites with specificity for the Forssman disaccharide (48.7 months). The survival was positively correlated with the presence of binding capacity of histoblood group A‐trisaccharide and certain structural parameters, especially the structural entropy and its current. The presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors was not associated with the total survival at a statistically significant level. Conclusions Histochemical features between the primary breast carcinoma and their intrapulmonary metastases can evidently vary. Analysis of the hormone receptor status in metastatic lesions seems to be useful for diagnostic purposes only in rare cases, i.e., distinguishing metastases from primary lung carcinoma. Nonetheless, the survival of patients with metastasizing breast carcinoma is associated with features of the primary tumors, especially the detection of binding capacities for the Forssman disaccharide and the histoblood group A‐...

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“…By employing a neoglycoprotein and an antibody to an endogenous lectin, Bardosi et al [1989] have shown that neoglycoprotein binding is primarily due to the presence of galectin-1. This prototype lectin is a member of a family of animal lectins which show a jelly-roll motif binding site topology and affinity to β-galactosides [Barondes et al, 1994;Kasai and Hirabayashi, 1996;Gabius, 1997a;Hughes, 1997;Kaltner et al, 1997;Kayser and Gabius, 1997;Zanetta, 1997Zanetta, , 1998Kaltner and Stierstorfer, 1998;von der Lieth et al, 1998]. The role of this molecule in the olfactory system is outlined by Plendl and Sinowatz [1998] in this issue.…”

Section: Endogenous Lectins and Chondrogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugate Expression and Cartilage Development of the Cranial Skeleton

Zschäbitz

1998

Cells Tissues Organs

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Only few detailed investigations have focused on the glycobiology of cranial development. The functional elements in most inductive and morphogenetic processes are not individual cells, but rather collectives of interacting populations and extracellular matrix components that give rise to specific tissues and organs. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that sugar chains not only confer morphological characteristics. Complex carbohydrate molecules and their corresponding receptors are involved in recognition processes decoding biological information during cranial morphogenesis. The distribution patterns of glycoconjugates are highly dynamic and show a clear correlation with characteristic structural modifications. However, due to the intricate interactions in vivo the definitive physiological impact of these observations has to be established in further studies. In this review, the spatial and temporal patterns of lectin-reactive epitopes and selected receptor types are presented and discussed with regard to their potential importance to physiological craniogenesis.

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Graph Theory and the EntropyConcept in Histochemistry

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Detection of Inflammation- and Neoplasia-Associated Alterations in Human Large Intestine Using Plant/Invertebrate Lectins, Galectin-1 and Neoglycoproteins

Detection of Inflammation- and Neoplasia-Associated Alterations in Human Large Intestine Using Plant/Invertebrate Lectins, Galectin-1 and Neoglycoproteins

Pulmonary metastases of breast carcinomas: Ligandohistochemical, nuclear, and structural analysis of primary and metastatic tumors with emphasis on period of occurrence of metastases and survival

Glycoconjugate Expression and Cartilage Development of the Cranial Skeleton

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