Grapevine varieties exhibiting differences in stomatal response to water deficit

Abstract

Knowledge on variety traits and physiological responses to stress is still scarce in Vitis vinifera L., limiting the optimisation of irrigation and breeding for high water use efficiency. We have characterised five grapevine varieties using thermal imaging, leaf gas exchange, leaf morphology and carbon isotope composition. Plants of the varieties Aragonez, Trincadeira, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Touriga Nacional were grown in field conditions. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment I (2006), vines of Aragonez and Trincadeira were either well irrigated (WI, 80% ETc), non-irrigated but rain fed (NI) or subjected to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, 40% ETc) and studied along the summer season. In Experiment II (2006 and 2007), vines of the five varieties were subjected to RDI (30–40% ETc) and studied at veraison. In Experiment I, leaf temperature (Tleaf) correlated negatively with stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (Ψpd). The inverse relationship between gs and Tleaf was highly significant in the afternoon. In Experiment II, the different genotypes showed different Tleaf for similar Ψpd. Stomatal density did not correlate with gs suggesting that varieties have different stomatal control. Our results show that combined measurements of canopy temperature and Ψpd can aid in better understanding of stomatal regulation in different grapevine varieties. Such variation in stomatal regulation should be taken into account in determining irrigation strategies.

Improving water use efficiency of vineyards in semi-arid regions. A review

“…In both cases, there is a paucity of information on the heritability and genetic basis of the observed differences in WUE, which should be solved before starting a wide selection program. A main limitation pending on this subject is also the representativeness or links among the surrogate characteristics of the WUEc, and the WUEi or the δ 13 C. Escalona et al 1999Escalona et al , 2003Gómez-delCampo et al 2002Santesteban et al 2009;Tomás et al 2012Tomás et al , 2014a Correia et al 1990Correia et al , 1995Costa et al 2012 Tricadeira Preta 0.2-0.42 25-78 0.1-0.68 50-190.5 As a general conclusion, the present work showed a clear necessity of wider efforts to progress in the field of WUE improvement at the needed timing to secure the sustainability of this important crop in the near future.…”

“…Many studies performed at the leaf level have shown a wide range of intra-specific variability of WUEi among cultivars, (Gómez-Alonso and García-Romero 2010; Bota et al 2001;Costa et al 2012;Gaudillère et al 2002; Fig. 4 Relation between total water applied (rainfall from April to September + irrigation) and yield and crop water use efficiency.…”

“…More than 3 % variations under irrigation and drought conditions in δ 13 C has been reported; however, less cultivars have been studied using this parameter (Costa et al 2012;Flexas et al 2010;Gaudillère et al 2002;Tomás et al 2014a). Different types of whole plant measurements are used to estimate plant WUE depending on the specific study.…”

Estimation of Water Stress in Grapevines Using Proximal and Remote Sensing Methods

“…To derive stress indices, values of minimum, maximum and mean temperatures, coefficient of variation (CV, %) and temperature range (maximum difference) were calculated for each photo frame inside an ROI of the canopy that included vine leaves. Wet and dry reference temperatures were also calculated on each image within the ROIs of the specific surface, in line with the methodology used by several authors [33,34]. For this, an artificial wet surface, made of cotton cloth and maintained continuously wet with cold water, was used to estimate the reference wet temperature, and thus simulate leaves with fully open stomata.…”

Effects of Heavy Rain during Rainy Season and Drainage Methods on Soil Water Content, Photosynthesis Characteristics, and Growth in 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' Grapes

“…즉 작물의 스트레스 정도를 판단하기 위해 수 관 및 잎을 대상으로 한 열적이미지의 접근방법은 수분 이 기공을 통해 소실됨에 따라 잎이 냉각되고, 반대로 기 공닫힘은 엽온이 증가한다는 원칙을 기반으로 한다 (Grant et al, 2012). 이 방법은 포도의 수분 상태 평가 (Costa et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2002), 수분스트레스 비 교 (Gardner et al, 1981), 육종효율 증진과 자연 생태계 의 관리 및 모니터링 (Grant et al, 2012 (Grant et al, 2012;Idso et al, 1981;Jackson, 1982). 일반적으로 광합성속도와 기공전도도(stomatal conductance)간에는 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내며 (Faria et al, 1996), 기공개폐 (Kozlowski and Pallardy, 1979;Sena Gomes and Kozlowski, 1980a;1980b;1980c)와 water vapor transfer간에는 고도로 유의한 부의관계가 성립된다 (Grant et al, 2012 Mendelssohn et al, 1981;Perata and Alpi, 1993;Saglio et al, 1980) 뿌리에서는 ATP와 ADP가 줄어들 고 (Saglio et al, 1980;Tripepi and Mitchell, 1984) 뿌리 를 통한 수체 내로의 수분 흡수가 감소하며, 기공폐쇄에 의해 기공전도도가 줄어들고 잎의 호흡량이 증가하는 등 에너지관련 대사체계가 크게 제한된다 (Liao and Lin, 1994).…”