Grapefruit Extract-Mediated Fabrication of Photosensitive Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential

Abstract

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) were synthesized using a simple, eco-friendly green synthesis approach in an alkaline medium from the extract of grapefruit peel waste. The pre-synthesized, nano-crystalline Al2O3 NPs were characterized by using spectroscopic (UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, and EDX) and microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. The formed Al2O3 NPs exhibited a pronounced absorption peak at 278 nm in the UV–vis spectrum. The average particle size of the as-prepared Al2O3 NPs was evaluated to be 57.34 nm, and the atomic percentages of O and Al were found to be 54.58 and 45.54, respectively. The fabricated Al2O3 NPs were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The Al2O3 NPs showed strong antioxidant potential towards all the four tested assays. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of Al2O3 NPs was investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion (O2•−), as well as proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κB). The results revealed that Al2O3 NPs inhibited the production of O2•− (99.4%) at 100 μg mL−1 concentrations and intracellular NO•− (55%), proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (83.3%), and TNF-α (87.9%) at 50 μg mL−1 concentrations, respectively. Additionally, the Al2O3 NPs inhibited 41.8% of nuclear factor kappa B at 20 μg mL−1 concentrations. Overall, the outcomes of current research studies indicated that Al2O3 NPs possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and could be used to treat chronic and acute anti-inflammatory conditions.

Role of Nanoparticle-Conjugates and Nanotheranostics in Abrogating Oxidative Stress and Ameliorating Neuroinflammation

“…Antioxidant conjugation of AlNPs can improve their stability and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Various Al-based NPs exhibited potential antioxidant activity, such as grapefruit peel-fabricated Al 2 O 3 NPs [253], Irganox 1010-fabricated Al 2 O 3 -poly(ethyleneco-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites [254], and Al 2 O 3 NPs synthesized via the laser ablation technique [255]. The conjugation of antioxidants with NPs or entrapped in nanogel can also enhance their bioavailability and facilitate their cellular uptake, in addition to diminishing free radicals [256].…”

Photoactivated plasmonic nanohybrid fibers with prolonged trapping of excited charge carriers for SERS analysis of biomolecules

“…[25][26][27] It is a ceramic of choice for a wide range of applications in technical fields such as biosensors, catalysts, absorbents, nanoelectronics, optics, etc. [28][29][30][31][32] This work reports an economical and green synthetic method of AlNFs using microwave irradiation that accelerates the kinetics and reduces the temperature required for the reaction. Unlike the temperature used in electrospinning that is above 500 1C, microwave reactions for AlNFs were carried out at 200-240 1C.…”

Comparative Analysis Of Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity Of AgNPs With Conjugated Curcumin AgNPs

“…Many studies have suggested that the peels of citrus fruits have been used for the formation of nanoparticles of silver, iron oxide, zirconium, zinc oxide and titanium oxide [14]. Industrially, the plasma discharge method has been employed to prepare these nanoparticles.…”