Background:The aim was to develop and validate an instrument called the 'Children's Vision for Living Scale' (CVLS) for the assessment of vision-related quality of life in Saudi Arabian children with and without amblyopia. Methods: A 43-item child self-report questionnaire was initially developed based on interviews with children with amblyopia, their parents and eye-care professionals, and a literature review. Following a process that involved the removal of redundant items, 28 items remained and were piloted on children aged five to 12 years with and without amblyopia (n = 48 amblyopic, n = 53 non-amblyopic) living in Saudi Arabia. Rasch analysis was applied to determine whether the 28-item questionnaire fitted the Rasch model. Rasch analysis was used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to check dimensionality. A 21-item questionnaire resulting from this process was administered in children with (n = 81) and without (n = 82) amblyopia in Saudi Arabia for further validation. Conclusion:The 21-item CVLS is a valid uni-dimensional child self-report instrument for the assessment of the impact of amblyopia on vision-related quality of life in children with and without amblyopia living in Saudi Arabia.

This study provided valuable measurements of the anterior segments parameters of the eye in myopic Saudi population. These parameters could be useful for ophthalmic practitioners in the clinic.

The Farnsworth D15 (FR‐D15) color vision test is generally used to determine whether individuals with color vision defects have good color discrimination to perform their jobs safely. The Waggoner computerized color vision test D15 (WC‐D15) is a computerized version of the FR‐D15 test. This study aimed to evaluate the color differences vectors analyses (CDV) quantitative scoring in clinical practice using the FR‐D15 and WC‐D15 color vision tests. Fifty‐nine individuals with congenital red‐green color vision deficiency participated in this study. All participants were screened with the Ishihara, Waggoner Pseudoisochromatic plates, and City University Tests. Participants also completed FR‐D15 and WC‐D15 tests. The number of crossings, and CDV indices, including the confusion index, total error score, specificity index, and angle were assessed. There were significant correlations between the number of crossings and each of the CDV parameters. Results of both D15 tests showed that defects classified by confusion angles improve with an increase in crossings. The correct diagnosis rate improved when the criterion of failure was relaxed compared to the generally accepted criteria of ≥2. A CDV angle of either 0° or −3° accurately classifies defects as protan or deutan. Quantitative measurements of the FR‐D15 and WC‐D15 color vision tests showed good results in detecting color vision deficiency and diagnosing the type of defect. The CDV parameters positively correlated with the traditional evaluation of the defect's presence by counting the crossings. It is more accurate for clinicians to interpret their results using the CDV parameters.

The W-D15 test, a computerized variant of the F-D15 test, is used to determine whether an individual with a color vision defect can safely perform color-related tasks. This study evaluated the performance of the W-D15 test using an iPad. Fifty-nine color normal and 61 color vision defect subjects participated. Participants were screened based on the Ishihara, City University Test, and Waggoner PIP24 tests. Different failure criteria of the D15 tests were considered. The pass/failure agreement between the two tests was relatively appropriate, with a κ -coefficient ≥ 0.8 , for all failure criteria. The W-D15 could be an appropriate substitute for F-D15 using an iPad.