Grape Seeds: Chromatographic Profile of Fatty Acids and Phenolic Compounds and Qualitative Analysis by FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy

Abstract

The primary product of the oenological sector is wine. Nonetheless, the grape processing produces large amounts of by-products and wastes, e.g., the grape seeds. In the context of a sustainable production, there is a strong push towards reutilizing these by-products and waste for making useful derivatives since they are rich of bioactive substances with high additional value. As it is true for the wine itself, bringing these by-products derivatives to the market calls for quality measures and analytical tools to assess quality itself. One of the main objectives is to collect analytical data regarding bioactive compounds using potentially green techniques. In the present work, the profile of fatty acids and the main phenolic compounds were investigated by conventional methods. The qualitative analysis of the main functional groups was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the successful use of FTIR technique in combination with chemometric data analysis is shown to be a suitable analytical tool for discriminating the grape seeds. Grape seeds of different origin have different content of bioactive substances, making this technique useful when planning to recover a certain substance with specific potential application in health area as food supplement or nutraceutical. For example, Cesanese d’Affile seeds were found to have a rather high fat content with a significant fraction of unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the seeds of Nero d’Avola exhibit the highest amount of phenolic compounds.

Potential of grape byproducts as functional ingredients in baked goods and pasta

“…Assessing the composition of unsaturated oil, Da Porto, Porretto, and Decorti (2013) found that linoleic acid represented approximately 72% of the grape seed oil analyzed. All grape byproducts were found to be abundant in linoleic, oleic, and palmitic fatty acids, according to the results obtained by Gülcü et al (2019) and Lucarini et al (2020). The same authors reported high contents of palmitic acid in pomace, which may be caused by the high amount of saturated compounds in their waxy structure (Gülcü et al, 2019).…”

Nanomaterials for Skin Delivery of Cosmeceuticals and Pharmaceuticals

“…; being the most common the epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin growth factor (IGF) and interleukin [51,128]. Herbal extracts and essential oils are another source of active cosmetic ingredients used against skin aging [15,29,31,59,60,66,[129][130][131][132]. The possibility to administer these natural products either as oral or as an active ingredient in topical formulations is an advantage.…”

Nutraceuticals in Human Health

“…It is worth mentioning the work of Swat et al [10] on characterization of fulvic acid beverages available on the global market. Alternative functional ingredients obtained from waste/side products from industrial grape manufacturing, i.e., grape seeds, were investigated by Lucarini et al [11].…”