Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and insulin prevents cognitive decline in type 1 diabetic rat by impacting Bcl-2 and Bax in the prefrontal cortex

Abstract

It is frequently accepted that grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are efficient antioxidants and beneficial in improving cognitive functions. However, diabetes (T1DM)-associated declines in learning and memory and the possibilities of GSPs in overcoming this loss needs to be examined. The present study was designed to examine the correlation, if one exists, between cognitive behavior and neuronal survival in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats as well as to further clarify whether the correlation exists. Also this study aimed to determine whether neurological structural changes in the PFC and pancreatic β-cells can be restored by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). At the end of 8 weeks, cognitive tests that rats given supplementation of GSPE and insulin had greater improvement in their spatial learning and memory skills and improved neuronal survival in the PFC and pancreatic β-cells compared to rats supplemented with either insulin or GSPE alone. Expression of Bax in the PFC was increased in the diabetic rats while Bcl-2 expression was decreased, and GSPE and insulin treatment reversed the expression of apoptotic proteins. Our findings on GSPE, a natural product, as a form of adjuvant therapy together with insulin treatment is suggestive of the existence of synergism between the two in attenuating diabetic complications in the pancreas and PFC.

Review of the Effect of Natural Compounds and Extracts on Neurodegeneration in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus

“…Similar outcomes have been reported when Hedera nepalensis extract is administered to STZ-aluminium trichloride rat model [176]. Likewise, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract [177], kola nut extract [178] or Garcinia kola seeds [155] also improve cognitive impairment in diabetic rat models. Andrographis paniculata extract, enriched in andrographolide, improves cognitive function in STZ-treated rats and the effect seems to be mediated by reducing oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity [175].…”

Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Potential of Anti-microbial Carbon Quantum Dots from Vitis vinifera Seeds

“…Today, we know that grape seed contains oligomeric proanthocyanin complex (OPC), an antioxidant that is considered to improve certain diseased conditions. Some scientific evidence indicates that the use of grape seed or its powder reduces poor blood flow in the legs, reduces eye stress due to glare, and is also helpful for reducing high cholesterol and atherosclerosis, and improving athletic performance, heart disease, poor circulation, menopause, diabetes, constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, and macular degeneration due to aging [4].…”

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Cardiac Remodelling After Myocardial Infarction Through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Mice

“…It is the source of flavane-3-ol compounds, including catechin and epicatechin monomers, and their respective oligomers (Bladé et al, 2010). It exhibits variety of effects such as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and improve cell metabolism effects (Sanna et al, 2019). It has potential therapeutic capacity in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, diabetes complications and brain injury (Gonzalez-Abuin et al, 2015;Sherif et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2018).…”