Grape Seed Polyphenols and Fatty Acids of Autochthonous Prokupac Vine Variety from Serbia

Abstract

Grape pomace (grape skin, seeds, and stems) represents a valuable source of bioactive compounds, thus the interest in making use of these wine waste products is increasing. Prokupac is an autochthonous Serbian variety of black grape with a long tradition in production of red wine. Identification of the superficial polyphenolic compounds by LC/MS revealed presence of 19 compounds including hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, ellagic acid derivatives, flavan‐3‐ol monomers, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols. Catechin and epicatechin together with proanthocyanidins were the most abundant compounds and the highest content of phenolic compounds was determined in Prokupac clones 43/1, 40/1, and 40/2. Grape seed oil consisted of dominantly UFA (87–95 %) where methyl linoleate was the most abundant in all samples (69–81 %). Palmitic (3–8 %) and stearic acid (2–4 %) methyl esters were dominant SFA. Prokupac clone 43/3 was the most abundant in UFA (95 %) with the lowest percentage of SFA (5 %), while clones 41/1 and 43/5 had the lowest percentage of UFA (87 %) and the highest content of SFA (13 %). Favorable chemical profile of Prokupac clone seeds implicates its potential to be used as a raw material in further processing and possibility to be included as one of the quality parameters in further selection of the most interesting Prokupac clone.

Grape seed flour of different grape pomaces: Fatty acid profile, soluble sugar profile and nutritional value

“…However, significant differences among the results for oleic fatty acid in grape seed oil could be found in the literature. For example, these results are in agreement with those obtained by Lachman et al, 9 while Pardo et al 29 , registered significantly higher amount of oleic acid in the seed oil of red grape varieties grown in Spain (16.07-24.88 %) and Malićinin et al 27 for seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon grown in Serbia (12.60 to 13.80 %). Results for content of palmitic and stearic acids fall within similar ranges reported by Beveridge et al 30 28 obtained for clones of the Prokupac variety (3 to 8 % for stearic acid and 2 to 4 % for palmitic acid).…”

“…However, according to other reports, palmitic acid is the dominant SFA in most of grape seed oils, which is not correlated with this study. [7][8][9]29,31 Furthermore, seed oil of variety Prokupac contained significant amount of linoleaidic, erucic, behnic and cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic fatty acids compared to that of other analyzed varieties. Other identified FAs, known as "rear fatty acids" were present in traces and their content can often serve as a marker for the characterization of different grape varieties.…”

“…Similar results were obtained by other authors who agreed that linoleic acid is the most abundant FA in oil of grape seeds of grape varieties grown in Serbia 27,28 or other countries. [7][8][9][29][30][31] Thus, Malićanin et al 27 found that the content of linoleic acid in seeds of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety grown in Serbia was in range from 73.10-75.30 %, whereas in Prokupac variety ranged from 69-FATTY ACIDS AND SUGARS OF GRAPE SEEDS 311 -81 %. 28 Lachman et al 9 obtained results for content of linoleic acid in range from 68.10 to 78.18 % depending on the year of harvest, whereas Beveridge et al 30 recorded the highest content of linoleic acid in the seed oil of Merlot variety.…”

Grape Seeds: Chromatographic Profile of Fatty Acids and Phenolic Compounds and Qualitative Analysis by FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy

“…They add up to about 98% of the total fatty acids. Previous works have indicated grape seeds as a good source of the beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids [51][52][53]. The current work of Pérez-Navarro et al [51] reported a different profile of free fatty acids in the grape tissues, showing a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds (about 60%).…”

Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Food Analysis

“…GC-MS is used for the detection and identification of volatile organic compounds such as amino acids, polyols, and vitamins, which are commonly derivatized [1]. HPLC-MS, however, is used to analyze higher molecular weight polar compounds [2,3]. Therefore, the application scope of these methods is wide and versatile.…”