Grape Pomace: Antioxidant Activity, Potential Effect Against Hypertension and Metabolites Characterization after Intake

Abstract

Observational studies indicate that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods improves vascular health, thereby significantly reducing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the remained potential of grape by-products from important Rhône Valley red wine cultivars: Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvèdre and Alicante. For that, six different extracts from grape pomaces, selected by their antioxidant activity, were studied in vivo during six weeks with spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Extracts used in SHR1, SHR2 and SHR6 groups presented a « rebound effect » on systolic blood pressure, whereas the other extracts do not change it significantly. The bioavailability of Grenache (GRE1) (EA70) seed pomace extract (SHR1 group), Mouvendre (MOU) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR5 group) and Alicante (ALI) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR6 group) was studied by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn) in urine, plasma and tissues to search differences on the metabolism of the different extracts intake.

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of grape processing by-products in high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters

“…Possible explanations for this difference are related to the extraction step during industrial production and grape composition that is dependent on cultivar, environmental stresses (UV radiation, pathogens, mechanical damages etc. ), vintage, soil condition and parts of the grapes used in the tests (Xu et al, 2016;Rasines-Perea et al, 2018). The extraction step during wine production takes several days while the same step takes about 1 hour during grape juice production.…”

“…Many PC such as anthocyanins, anthoxanthins, stylbenes (mainly trans-resveratrol), hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols and flavonols have been intensively studied because of their bioactive properties, presenting positive results in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases (Jefremov et al, 2007;Hsu & Yen, 2008). This is an interesting finding as the total intake of PC in a balanced diet can be as high as 1.0 gram per day (Rasines-Perea et al, 2018). Main dietary sources of PC in a healthy diet are fruits, vegetables (Chang et al, 2013) and plant-derived beverages such as juices, tea (Oh et al, 2008), coffee (Vicente et al, 2014a) and red wine .…”

Potential health benefits of phenolic compounds in grape processing by-products

“…Evidence for the in vivo anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-hypertensive properties of GP (da Costa et al, 2017;Lanzi et al, 2016;Rasines-Perea et al, 2018) emphasize that high-fat diets associated with obesity and other metabolic disorders can be reversed through diets enriched with phytochemicals found in GP. To further elucidate the potential efficacy of GP in the prevention and therapy of obesity-related metabolic syndrome, GP (V. vinifera L.) of Brazilian origin was extracted and co-administered with a high-fat diet to male mice (da Costa et al, 2017).…”

Cascade strategies for the full valorisation of Garganega white grape pomace towards bioactive extracts and bio-based materials

“…Grape pomace phytochemicals are responsible agents for multiple benefits involved in the prevention of degenerative processes through their integration into functional foods, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. Hence, the most relevant activities attributed to bioactive phytochemicals from winery by-products are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer ones [ 6 , 9 ], some of these also proven in vivo , such as the antioxidant and anti-hypertensive effects observed in rats [ 10 ]. For this reason, grape pomace is exploitable in the food, feed, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries [ 8 ].…”