Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of grape processing by-products in high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters

Abstract

Investigations have shown the presence of bioactive substances in agricultural by-products. As some of these compounds present hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities, they could be considered economical alternatives to be used as supplements. This study investigates the hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of grape processing by-products, feeding them to hamsters for 28 days. Wine pomace flour and grape juice pomace flour proved to have substantial amounts of fibers and phenolic compounds, both recognized as hypolipidemic and antioxidant substances. Phenolic compounds were individually investigated, and their presence was confirmed in both flours. Hamsters receiving a hyperlipidemic diet exhibited increased plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol fractions, reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and high levels of plasma transaminases indicating hepatic damages. In contrast, the groups receiving the same hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with grape processing by-products showed improved lipid profiles, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, increased levels of cytosolic Nrf2 (transcription factor for antioxidant enzymes) and normal levels of plasma transaminases. Therefore, the use of these by-products demonstrated beneficial health effects at a very low cost.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Cardiometabolic Potential of Grape Pomace: Effect of Applying Instant Controlled Pressure Drop

“…The effects of grape polyphenols on lipid metabolism remain controversial. The mechanism by which they may positively modify lipid profiles may be associated with the flavonoid fraction and their capacity to reduce the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine, decreasing postprandial chylomicron concentrations [ 33 , 34 ]. It has also been reported that proanthocyanidins inhibit hepatic VLDL secretion, reduce plasma lipids and increase beta-oxidation [ 35 ].…”

Vitamin D alleviates skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance by inducing vitamin D receptor expression and regulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in mice

“…For instance, a beverage composed by tropical fruits and yacon showed antioxidant and prebiotic effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which contains high levels of fructooligosaccharides, gallic acid and ascorbic acid (Dionisio et al, 2020). Grape processing by-products have substantial amounts of fibers and phenolic compounds had hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects on high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters (Ishimoto et al, 2020). VD is mainly derived from animal foods such as animal liver, cod-liver oil, yolk and cream.…”

Cryptotanshinone protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

“…Excessive ROS production is also one of the mechanisms leading to ischemia/reperfusion-induced cellular injury (Blokhina et al, 2003). The MDA level is one of Nrf2 is an antioxidant transcription factor that plays a key role in resisting oxidative stress caused by various stress environments (Ishimoto et al, 2020). Nrf2 is an endogenous antioxidant defense system and could maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions (Fetoni et al, 2015).…”