Granulocytic sarcoma of the brain: a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma), a rare tumor usually associated with myelogenous leukemia, is capable of invading the meninges or brain parenchyma. Radiologic findings in a case of granulocytic sarcoma of the brain, as well as those in 11 previously reported cases of intracranial leukemic masses, are interpreted. On computed tomographic scans, the lesions can appear isodense or hyperdense, edema and necrosis are variable, and there is uniform enhancement following intravenous administration of contrast material. There may be some affinity for the posterior fossa.

Intraparenchymal Myeloid Sarcoma and Subsequent Spinal Myeloid Sarcoma for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

“…Allogeneic BMT is often used for the treatment of AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Myeloid sarcoma is a rare complication observed in AML patients after BMT and may be the first sign of relapse 4) ; myeloid sarcoma may also precede the onset of systemic disease 3,11) . In a 10-year survey conducted by the European BMT Registry, the incidence rate of myeloid sarcoma associated with AML was 0.65% 4) .…”

Extramedullary Relapse Presenting as Trigeminal Neuralgia and Diplopia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

“…The exact pathogenesis of granulocytic sarcoma is still unclear and it may be the first sign of relapse after bone marrow transplantation or may precede the onset of systemic disease (6,7). Central nervous system (CNS) leukemia is believed to develop as a result of hematogenous spread or direct extension from involved cranial bone marrow.…”

Granulocytic Sarcoma with Orbit, Cauda Equina, Muscle and Peripheral Nerve Extension but without Bone Marrow Involvement

“…GS is an uncommon disease, clinically presenting in 2.9% of all acute leukemias (1,2). It is strongly associated with AML or the accelerated phase of CML.…”