Grandmothers' Labor Supply

Frimmel, Wolfgang; Halla, Martin; Schmidpeter, Bernhard; Winter‐Ebmer, Rudolf

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3092523

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As informal childcare is often provided by grandparents, predominantly by grandmothers, the interdependencies between grand parenting and labour force participation of both mothers' (proxied by women aged 25–49) and grandmothers (women aged 50–65) need to be explored. The steadily growing evidence, created by the country‐specific research (Arpino et al 2014 for Italy; Frimmel et al 2017 for Austria; Karademir et al 2023 for Canada) as well as the comparative studies on the European countries (Aassve et al 2012; Backhaus & Barslund, 2021; Dimova & Wolff, 2011; Hank & Buber 2009; Reinkowski, 2013; Zamarro, 2020), justifies that suggestion. Empirical findings show that caring for grandchildren is negatively associated with the employment rate of women aged 55–64, especially in countries with a lower availability of formal childcare.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Including women aged 50–65 into the population of interest involves consideration about grand parenting (informal care) and its effects for labour market performance of mothers and grandmothers. There is some evidence, both from the country‐specific and cross‐country perspectives, that caring for grandchildren reduces the employment rate of women aged 55–64 (Backhaus & Barslund, 2021; Frimmel et al 2017; Reinkowski, 2013), particularly in countries with a lower availability of formal childcare. However, childcare provided by working‐age grandmothers affects positively the labour participation of their daughters (Aassve et al 2012; Arpino et al 2014; Dimova & Wolff 2011; Zamarro, 2020) and moderates the impact of extending formal childcare on mothers' employment (Karademir et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labour market gender gaps and childcare policies in countries with different social investment strategies

Chłoń‐Domińczak,

Kotowska,

Magda

et al. 2024

Soc Policy Adm

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We study the role of formal and informal childcare within the ECEC policies for gender employment and pay gaps, considering the life course stages distinctive for childcare tasks. The ECEC policies are framed within the types of social investment strategies identified in the EU countries to picture developments in social investments after 2005. The aggregated EU‐SILC data from 2005 to 2019 for 27 European countries have been used in the panel regression models to uncover how the caring arrangements influence labour market gendered outcomes of women at different ages (15–24, 25–49, 50–65). We find that better provision and use of early education and childcare not only contribute to early investment in human capital but it also facilitates mothers' employment and thus contributes to lowering gender employment and pay gaps. However, better coverage of care for children older than 3 years old results in negative employment effects for grandmothers. These effects vary also across countries, depending on their overall institutional setting depicted by the types of social investment strategies distinguished. Consequently, the ECEC agenda should be extended by addressing the employment of women at the pre‐retirement age. It is crucial not only for reducing gender gap in employment and pay but also in the light of challenges generated by demographic developments—the labour force shrinking and the population ageing processes.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour market gender gaps and childcare policies in countries with different social investment strategies

Chłoń‐Domińczak,

Kotowska,

Magda

et al. 2024

Soc Policy Adm

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show abstract

“…Jahrgang (2021), Heft 3 Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 13 Eine Reihe von Studien zeigt, dass das Arbeitsangebot von Großeltern (vor allem Großmüttern) auf die Präsenz und regionale Nähe der Enkelkinder reagiert, vor allem dann, wenn das lokale Betreuungsangebot limitiert ist. Für eine neuere österreichische Studie zum kausalen Effekt von Enkelkindern auf das Arbeitsangebot der Großmütter siehe(Frimmel et al 2020). 14 Die Mikrozensus-Befragungen dieser Jahre wurden verwendet, da die empirische Analyse vonKleven et al (2020) auf Geburten der 1990er-und 2000er-Jahre basiert.…”

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Angebot an Öffentlicher Kinderbetreuung und Einkommenseinbussen bei Mutterschaft

Zweimüller,

Kleven,

Landais

et al. 2021

WUG

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Der Artikel diskutiert den Effekt der Ausweitung des Angebots an öffentlicher Kinderbetreuung auf den child penality, die Einkommenseinbussen bei Mutterschaft. Die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse basieren auf der Arbeit von Kleven, Landais, Posch, Steinhaer und Zweimüller (2020), welche den Effekt der Familienpolitik auf diese Einkommenseinbussen untersucht. Diese Studie kommt unter anderem zum Ergebnis, dass der starke Ausbau öffentlicher Betreuungsangebote für Kinder im Vorschulalter (Kindergrippen und Kindergärten) sich nicht in einer Reduktion des child penalty niedergeschlagen hat. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine leicht zugängliche Darstellung dieses Ergebnisses sowie der zugrunde liegenden Messkonzepte und Methoden. Am Ende der Arbeit zeihen wir Schlussfolgerungen für die Familienpolitik.

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Work history, economic resources, and women’s labour market withdrawal after the birth of the first grandchild

2019

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Typically, grandmothers are actively involved in the lives of their grandchildren, most frequently as care providers. At the same time, these individuals become grandparents while still employed. These two roles-of active grandparent and worker-might conflict, since both demand time and energy. This study examines whether the birth of the first grandchild leads to labour market withdrawal for women, and whether there are differences between grandmothers according to their work history and household economic resources. We considered the work history of women both as a measure of work-family preferences and a source of opportunities and constraints to labour market behaviour later in life. Our analyses of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) 2002-2017 using hybrid logistic models show that the probability of labour market withdrawal increases after the birth of the first grandchild. Women who had continuous working careers, or short employment interruptions, were more likely to withdraw from the labour market after the birth of the first grandchild than their counterparts with non-continuous careers, as well as women living in wealthy households. The explanation lies in the lower opportunity cost these women encounter in withdrawing from the labour market. Our findings relate to policies aimed at increasing retirement ages all over Europe, advocating that these measures could conflict with grandmothers' involvement in their grandchildren's lives.

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Grandmothers' Labor Supply

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Labour market gender gaps and childcare policies in countries with different social investment strategies

Labour market gender gaps and childcare policies in countries with different social investment strategies

Angebot an Öffentlicher Kinderbetreuung und Einkommenseinbussen bei Mutterschaft

Work history, economic resources, and women’s labour market withdrawal after the birth of the first grandchild

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