Gram Staining and Its Molecular Mechanism

Biswas, B. B.; Basu, P. S.; Pal, Manisha

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60031-5

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Crystal violet binds to DNA and yields intense purple staining of cell nuclei. 12 Figure 2A shows that cells in the outer wells of plates placed directly in the incubator are localized toward the periphery of the well nearest the edge of the plate. If the plates were pre-incubated for 1 h at RT (Fig.…”

Section: Cells In Edge Wells Distribute More Evenly In Rt Pre-incubated Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Notes: A Simple Technique for Reducing Edge Effect in Cell-Based Assays

Lundholt¹,

Scudder²,

Pagliaro³

2003

SLAS Discovery

228

153

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Several factors are known to increase the noise and variability of cell-based assays used for high-throughput screening. In particular, edge effects can result in an unacceptably high plate rejection rate in screening runs. In an effort to minimize these variations, the authors analyzed a number of factors that could contribute to edge effects in cell-based assays. They found that preincubation of newly seeded plates in ambient conditions (air at room temperature) resulted in even distribution of the cells in each well. In contrast, when newly seeded plates were placed directly in the CO 2 incubator, an uneven distribution of cells occurred in wells around the plate periphery, resulting in increased edge effect. Here, the authors show that the simple, inexpensive approach of incubating newly seeded plates at room temperature before placing them in a 37°C CO 2 incubator yields a significant reduction in edge effect. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2003:566-570)

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Section: Cells In Edge Wells Distribute More Evenly In Rt Pre-incubated Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Notes: A Simple Technique for Reducing Edge Effect in Cell-Based Assays

Lundholt¹,

Scudder²,

Pagliaro³

2003

SLAS Discovery

228

153

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“…Cell morphology was observed under a light microscope (BH-2, Olympus) and a scanning electron microscope (Phenom Pure) with cells grown in the modified LB broth for 24 h at 25 °C. Gram staining was performed according to the method developed by Gram [33]. Motility was observed by stab inoculation in the modified LB medium with 5 g l −1 agar added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arcicella gelida sp. nov. and Arcicella lustrica sp. nov., isolated from streams in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of all the genera within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae

Lu,

Chen,

Huang

2024

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile strains (DC2WT, DC25WT, and LKC2W) were isolated from streams in China. Comparisons based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these three strains share 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values over 97.0 % with the species of genus Arcicella. There was confusion due to the fact that all species of genera Flectobacillus, Aquirufa, and Sandaracinomonas show 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of over 90.0 % to the above three strains, but the genus Flectobacillus belongs to the family Spirosomataceae and the genera Aquirufa and Sandaracinomonas belong to the family Cytophagaceae. Observing the phylogenetic trees, strains DC2WT, DC25WT, and LKC2W cluster closely with the species of genus Arcicella, but some species within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae are not monophyletic. The phylogenomic tree also showed a confused phylogenetic relationships among these non-monophyletic species. Combining the phylogenetic relationships and average nucleotide identity values, the current taxonomic status of all the genera within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae were re-examined. The genera ‘Chryseosolibacter’, ‘Dawidia’, and Chryseotalea should belong to the new family Chryseotaleaceae fam. nov., the genera Arcicella, Flectobacillus, Pseudarcicella, Aquirufa, and Sandaracinomonas should belong to the new family Flectobacillaceae fam. nov., the genera Fluviimonas, Taeseokella, Arcticibacterium, Emticicia, Jiulongibacter, Marinilongibacter, Lacihabitans, and Leadbetterella should belong to the new family Leadbetterellaceae fam. nov., the genus Litoribacter should be reassigned to the family Cyclobacteriaceae, and the genera Arundinibacter and Tellurirhabdus should be reassigned to the family Spirosomataceae. Strains DC2WT and DC25WT are reported to represent two novel species of the genus Arcicella, for which the names Arcicella gelida sp. nov. (type strain DC2WT=GDMCC 1.3209T=KCTC 92559T) and Arcicella lustrica sp. nov. (type strain DC25WT=GDMCC 1.3210T=KCTC 92557T) are proposed.

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“…Visualization of bacteria under an optical microscope (Gram or Ziehl stains, immunofluorescence, immunostaining ...) [2] often lacks sensitivity and specificity, unless the latter is improved by use of specific and labeled antibodies, (e.g. with a fluorochrome).…”

Section: A Standard Methods For In Vitro Diagnosticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments for the Detection of Escherichia Coli Biosensors Based on Nano-Objects—A Review

et al. 2022

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

show abstract

Gram Staining and Its Molecular Mechanism

Cited by 22 publications

References 109 publications

Technical Notes: A Simple Technique for Reducing Edge Effect in Cell-Based Assays

Technical Notes: A Simple Technique for Reducing Edge Effect in Cell-Based Assays

Arcicella gelida sp. nov. and Arcicella lustrica sp. nov., isolated from streams in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of all the genera within the families Spirosomataceae and Cytophagaceae

Recent Developments for the Detection of Escherichia Coli Biosensors Based on Nano-Objects—A Review

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