“…A number of methods have been demonstrated for bacterial detection, including nanomechanical cantilever sensing (Ndieyira et al, 2008), surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (Premasiri et al, 2005), and quartz crystal microbalance-based sensors (Bao et al, 1996). In another way, a high number of biosensors have also been developed for the detection of bacteria, based on electrochemical transduction methods less time-consuming and more sensitive than other techniques such as amperometry, impedance spectroscopy or potentiometry (Ahmed et al, 2014); (Andrade et al, 2015) (Huang et al, 2011) (Kaur et al, 2017) (Benserhir et al, 2022). Another detection method based on electrical measurements has been developed using classical electronics devices (MOSFET, resistors) as sensors (So et al, 2008) (Zhang et al, 2012).…”