Gram-scale synthesis of nanomesh graphene with high surface area and its application in supercapacitor electrodes

Gao, Ning; Fan, Zhuangjun; Wang, Gang; Gao, Jinsen; Qian, Weizhong; Wei, Fei

doi:10.1039/c1cc11159k

Cited by 349 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…53,54 Graphene also has excellent thermal conductivity, gas permeability, 55,56 and high surface area. [57][58][59][60] The ballistic transport 54 and the quantum hall effect 61 of graphene are also interesting features that offer immense potential for the applications of graphene-based materials. Unique features such as chemical inertness and ease of functionalization aid in the development of these materials for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Gurunathan¹,

Kim²

2016

IJN

224

127

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Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic crystal, and since its development it has been applied in many novel ways in both research and industry. Graphene possesses unique properties, and it has been used in many applications including sensors, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, transistors, components of high-strength machinery, and display screens in mobile devices. In the past decade, the biomedical applications of graphene have attracted much interest. Graphene has been reported to have antibacterial, antiplatelet, and anticancer activities. Several salient features of graphene make it a potential candidate for biological and biomedical applications. The synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene are fundamental issues that require thorough investigation in any kind of applications related to human welfare. Therefore, this review addresses the various methods available for the synthesis of graphene, with special reference to biological synthesis, and highlights the biological applications of graphene with a focus on cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-imaging, and tissue engineering, together with a brief discussion of the challenges and future perspectives of graphene. We hope to provide a comprehensive review of the latest progress in research on graphene, from synthesis to applications.

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Section: Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Gurunathan¹,

Kim²

2016

IJN

224

127

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“…31,32 The G band for the gyroids appears at a higher wavenumber than for the flat substrates which is consistent with the presence of strained nanosized graphene layers. 33 Figure 3b presents a 3D plot of ID/IG vs. I2D/IG vs. FWHMD / FWHMG (ratio of the full widths at half maximum of the peaks). The plot has two separated clusters of data points indicating a significant difference between G35_G and G60_G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids

Cebo

Aria

Dolan

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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The direct chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of freestanding graphene gyroids with controlled sub-60 nm unit cell sizes is demonstrated. Three-dimensional (3D) nickel templates were fabricated through electrodeposition into a selectively voided triblock terpolymer. The high temperature instability of sub-micron unit cell structures was effectively addressed through the early introduction of carbon precursor, which stabilizes the metallized gyroidal templates. The as-grown graphene gyroids are self-supporting and can be transferred onto a variety of substrates. Furthermore they represent the smallest free standing graphene 3D structures yet produced with a pore size of tens of nm, as analysed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. We discuss the generality of our methodology for the synthesis of other types of nanoscale, 3D graphene assemblies and the transferability of this approach to other 2D materials.

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“…如表 1 中的样品 34 所示, Ning 等 [56] 以多孔 MgO 为模板, 采用化学气相沉积方法制备了 1～2 层的多孔石墨烯纳米网结构, 其中带有大量的约 10 nm 的孔. 这种石墨烯比表面积约为 1654 m 2 /g, 同时具有高度无序结构, I D /I G 约为 2.0, C 含量为 99.2%, 几乎没有含氧官能团存在 [56] .…”

Section: Figureunclassified

“…如表 1 中的样品 34 所示, Ning 等 [56] 以多孔 MgO 为模板, 采用化学气相沉积方法制备了 1～2 层的多孔石墨烯纳米网结构, 其中带有大量的约 10 nm 的孔. 这种石墨烯比表面积约为 1654 m 2 /g, 同时具有高度无序结构, I D /I G 约为 2.0, C 含量为 99.2%, 几乎没有含氧官能团存在 [56] . 电化学测试结果表明 [53] , 这种多孔石墨烯的可逆比容量超过 1723 mAh/g, 在 20 C 放电电流下仍然具有 203 mAh/g 的比容量, 这也证实了石墨烯表面的孔结构对于提高储锂容量的重要作用, 石墨烯的微孔储锂过程如图 7 所示.…”

Section: Figureunclassified

Lithium Storage Characteristics and Possible Applications of Graphene Materials

Wen¹,

Liu²,

Song³

et al. 2014

Acta Chim. Sinica

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Graphene materials are materials with a flat mono/few layer of carbon atoms tightly packed to a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphene materials are expected to be applied in lithium ion batteries due to their unique structural, mechanical and electrical properties. As an anode material, the charge/discharge characteristics of graphene materials is similar to those of low-temperature soft carbon materials, such as high capacity, low initial efficiency and large voltage hysteresis. Although attractive results have been achieved for graphene as anode materials for LIBs, detailed lithium storage mechanisms are still not clear. The effects of the following several structural parameters including disorder degree, surface area, micropores, interlayer spacing, C/O ratio and layer number on the lithium storage properties are discussed. Thermally reduced graphene materials with a highly disordered structure and high surface area has exceptionally high reversible capacity. Micropores in graphene materials have a great impact on their electrochemical performance. Although these micropores can provide additional sites for increased reversible lithium storage, it can also results in severe capacity fading and voltage hysteresis. Oxygen functional groups and larger interlayer spacing may provide higher reversible capacity of graphene, but the micropores and defect-based reversible storage may be the main contribution. Effect of layer number on lithium storage mechanisms of graphene and the conclusion are still in debate. Graphene with rich oxygen functional groups is a promising cathode material with high capacity and rate performance for lithium storage. High specific capacity of graphene cathode is mainly ascribed to lithiation reaction of oxygen functional groups, such as epoxide and carbonyl groups. Lithiation of oxygen functional groups still requires further study for a full understanding. Based on the lithium storage characteristics of graphene anode and cathode, lithium ion capacitors with high energy density and graphene composite cathode materials for lithium ion batteries may be designed and developed in the future. Graphene based lithium ion capacitors facilitate the reversible lithium storage, which significantly improves the energy density of lithium ion capacitors compared to those of conventional systems based on activated carbon. LiFePO 4 modified with graphene layers has reached 208 mAh/g in specific capacity. The excess capacity is attributed to the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction between the lithium ions of the electrolyte and the exfoliated graphene flakes.

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Gram-scale synthesis of nanomesh graphene with high surface area and its application in supercapacitor electrodes

Cited by 349 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids

Lithium Storage Characteristics and Possible Applications of Graphene Materials

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