Gram-scale synthesis of coordination polymer nanodots with renal clearance properties for cancer theranostic applications

Abstract

An ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter is a critical factor for the renal clearance of nanoparticles from the body within a reasonable timescale. However, the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic components into a single ultrasmall nanoparticle remains challenging. In this study, pH-activated nanodots (termed Fe-CPNDs) composed of coordination polymers were synthesized via a simple and scalable method based on coordination reactions among Fe3+, gallic acid and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) at ambient conditions. The Fe-CPNDs exhibited ultrasmall (5.3 nm) hydrodynamic diameters and electrically neutral surfaces. The Fe-CPNDs also exhibited pH-activatable magnetic resonance imaging contrast and outstanding photothermal performance. The features of Fe-CPNDs greatly increased the tumour-imaging sensitivity and facilitated renal clearance after injection in animal models in vivo. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided photothermal therapy using Fe-CPNDs completely suppressed tumour growth. These findings demonstrate that Fe-CPNDs constitute a new class of renal clearable nanomedicine for photothermal therapy and molecular imaging.

BSA-assisted synthesis of ultrasmall gallic acid–Fe(III) coordination polymer nanoparticles for cancer theranostics

“…These results were comparable with previous reports of other MRI contrast agents. 31,39 However, the r 2 :r 1 ratio of GA-Fe@BSA NPs, calculated from the data presented in Figure 4A (r 2 :r 1 =1.06,3), was relatively lower than previously described agents. These results suggested that GA-Fe@ BSA NPs would provide good T 1 -weighted contrast.…”

“…31,33 The synthesis method is illustrated in Scheme 1 and Figure S1. First, BSA was dissolved in water.…”

“…23 In a recent proof-of-concept experiment, gallic acid (GA)-Fe(III) coordination polymer NPs were explored as theranostic agents, given their strong absorbance in the NIR region and good MRI properties. 31,32 Here, GA-Fe was used to investigate the role of BSA in tuning the synthesis of coordination polymer NPs.…”

In situ targeted MRI detection of Helicobacter pylori with stable magnetic graphitic nanocapsules

“…MRI can give detailed information about abnormal anatomy in a three-dimensional tomographic and real-time manner with high spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast19202122. MRI is normally applied with contrast agents to enhance the signal.…”

Single Near‐Infrared Emissive Polymer Nanoparticles as Versatile Phototheranostics

“…Owing to these properties, PNPs have potential uses in the field of biosensors,13 bioimaging,14 and phototherapy 15. In addition, PNPs have been extensively researched for phototheranostic applications 16. However, although some impressive advances have been achieved for PNP‐based phototheranostics, particularly in PA‐imaging‐guided PTT or FL‐imaging‐guided PDT,17 reports on multifunctional and single‐PNP‐based phototheranostic applications are few, and thus, satisfying the “one‐fits‐all” requirement for generalized phototheranostics remains challenging.…”