Grain size effects in Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals investigated by Raman spectroscopy

Raman characterisation of powder of cubic RE2O3 (RE=Nd, Gd, Dy, Tm, and Lu), Sc2O3 and Y2O3

“…Moreover, the band width could slightly increase if the system is formed by very small particle. Such behaviour was observed for Y 2 O 3 [28] and in many other kinds of materials, for example in the case of CeO 2 thin films [29], in powders of Ba 4 Ti 3 O 12 [30], in SbSi samples [31] or in Pb 1−x Ba x TiO 3 samples [32].…”

Spectroscopy study of Bi4Ti3O12 obtained from mechanically activated Bi2O3–TiO2 mixtures

“…4. Main difference in obtaining nanocrystal powders Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 from mechanically activated Bi 2 O 3 -TiO 2 mixture, in regard to obtaining the same through other procedures of synthesis [4,5] or bulk crystals is in simultaneous coexistence of both orthorhombic and tetragonal structure.…”

“…Raman scattering has been successfully used to study the phonon anomaly and phase transitions. We obtained the samples of bismuth titanate with the grain size below 16 nm by mechanical activation, that was better than literature data [5]. In this paper, we report our investigations of size effects on phase structural of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 nanocrystals.…”

“…In recent years, theoretically and experimentally has been investigated the grain size effects by ferroelectric bismuth titanate [4][5][6]. It is known that Raman scattering has a shorter characteristic length scale, which makes it a good probe to study structural properties associated with Nan regions of the materials.…”

Influence of Primary Milling on Structural and Electrical Properties of Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics Obtained by Sintering Process

“…They obtained it using mechanically synthesized precursors followed by sintering processes [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, no information about the effect of manufacturing process data (such as a milling time) on compound structure and dielectric properties has been presented to date.…”