Grain-scale mechanisms influencing the elution of ions from snow

Cragin, James H.; Hewitt, Alan D.; Colbeck, S. C.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00232-n

Cited by 38 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The preferential elution of the sulfate ion compared to nitrate and chloride observed in the snowpack at Franz Josef Land was in good accordance with many other investigations and has been observed in several field and laboratory experiments (e.g., Johannessen and Henriksen, 1978;Brimblecombe et al, 1985;Bales et al, 1989;Goto-Azuma et al, 1993;Cragin et al, 1996;Eichler et.al, 2000). The mobility of the magnesium ion was also found by, e.g., Davies et al (1982), Brimblecombe et al (1987), and Eichler et al (2000).…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 76%

Ion Content of the Snowpack on Franz Josef Land, Russia

Nickus

2003

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 76%

Ion Content of the Snowpack on Franz Josef Land, Russia

Nickus

2003

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…The ionic environment of a melting snowpack is particularly dynamic (Johannessen and Henriksen, 1978). Impurities are differentially eluted from the snowpack in a nonlinear manner (Brimblecombe et al, 1985), as ions are rejected and relocated as snow metamorphoses (Cragin et al, 1996). Such changes are broadly reflected by the chemistry data (Supplementary Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The dynamic bacterial communities of a melting High Arctic glacier snowpack

et al. 2013

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Snow environments can occupy over a third of land surface area, but little is known about the dynamics of snowpack bacteria. The effect of snow melt on bacterial community structure and diversity of surface environments of a Svalbard glacier was examined using analyses of 16S rRNA genes via T-RFLP, qPCR and 454 pyrosequencing. Distinct community structures were found in different habitat types, with changes over 1 week apparent, in particular for the dominant bacterial class present, Betaproteobacteria. The differences observed were consistent with influences from depositional mode (snowfall vs aeolian dusts), contrasting snow with dust-rich snow layers and near-surface ice. Contrary to that, slush as the decompositional product of snow harboured distinct lineages of bacteria, further implying post-depositional changes in community structure. Taxa affiliated to the betaproteobacterial genus Polaromonas were particularly dynamic, and evidence for the presence of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was uncovered, inviting the prospect that the dynamic bacterial communities associated with snowpacks may be active in supraglacial nitrogen cycling and capable of rapid responses to changes induced by snowmelt. Furthermore the potential of supraglacial snowpack ecosystems to respond to transient yet spatially extensive melting episodes such as that observed across most of Greenland's ice sheet in 2012 merits further investigation.

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“…During winter, most alpine snowpacks are warm at the base and cold in the upper layers, diffusion being strongest close to the soil where large, facetted crystals (depth hoar) are built up in a process that may be visualized as a handover from the upper side of one grain to the lower side of the next one above. Cragin et al (1996) demonstrated the importance of this kinetic metamorphism to the fractionation of nutrients in snow that results from the exclusion of impurities during crystal growth from the vapor phase. While pure ice grows at the bottom of the upper crystal, impurities concentrate on the top surface of the lower one and analogous surface concentrations occur when small grains evaporate and distill onto large ones.…”

Section: Redistribution Of Nutrients On the Grain Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrient cycle through snow and ice, a review

Kühn¹

2001

Aquat. sci.

118

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This paper reviews the merging of the nutrient cycle with the water cycle in the seasonal alpine snow cover, emphasizing physical processes at the snowpack and snow grain scale. Nutrients are incorporated into snowflakes growing in the atmosphere, they are part of the dry deposition from the atmosphere to the snowpack and they reach the snow as plant litter. The physical processes of the accumulation of nutrients and their redistribution in and on the snow grains and in the pore space of the snow matrix are described.The first flush of meltwater that reaches the soil carries a solution of nutrients and acids in a concentration several times higher than bulk values, an effect that increases with the age of the snow and the number of melt/freeze cycles and is more pronounced for sulfate than for chloride. Species that are attached to insoluble particles will be concentrated near the snow surface and will display peak concentrations in the final fraction of meltwater.

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Grain-scale mechanisms influencing the elution of ions from snow

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Ion Content of the Snowpack on Franz Josef Land, Russia

Ion Content of the Snowpack on Franz Josef Land, Russia

The dynamic bacterial communities of a melting High Arctic glacier snowpack

The nutrient cycle through snow and ice, a review

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