Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys by Inoculation

Greer, A.L.; Cooper, P. S.; Meredith, Mark W.; Schneider, Wolfgang; Schumacher, Peter; Spittle, J. A.; Tronche, A.

doi:10.1002/adem.200390013

Cited by 258 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…This not only improves the casting soundness and mechanical properties but also increases the formability during subsequent forming processes and ensures consistently better performance of the final products (McCartney, 1989;Murty et al, 2002;Quested, 2004). During the past six decades, extensive research has been carried out to clarify the mechanism underlying grain refinement, and a number of theories/models have been proposed (Cibula, 1949(Cibula, , 1951Crossley & Mondolfo, 1951;Marcantonio & Mondolfo, 1971;Backerud et al, 1991;Jones & Pearson, 1976;Easton & StJohn, 1999a,b;Johnsson et al, 1993;StJohn et al, 2011;Greer et al, 2003;Quested & Greer, 2004). It is now well recognized that two essential components, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallographic study of grain refinement of Al by Nb addition

et al. 2014

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The grain refinement of Al by the addition of a small amount of peritecticforming solute, Nb, has been studied from the crystallographic point of view. Combining the observations of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with the results of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, it is confirmed that the particles observed at or near the grain centres of refined Al alloys are pro-peritectic Al 3 Nb particles. The crystallographic matching between the Al 3 Nb particles and Al grains has also been evaluated using an edge-to-edge matching model and further verified using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that there are reproducible crystallographic orientation relationships between the Al 3 Nb particles and Al grains, and the experimental results are consistent with the predictions of the edge-to-edge matching model. This implies that the properitectic Al 3 Nb particles are favourable nucleation sites for Al grains from the crystallographic point of view. Furthermore, the analysis of the size distribution of Al 3 Nb particles reveals that the Al 3 Nb particles at the grain centres have relatively large particle size, which also corroborates the high potency of Al 3 Nb according to the free growth model. It is therefore concluded that the significant grain refinement resulting from the addition of Nb is predominantly attributed to the in situ formed Al 3 Nb particles which promote grain refinement via enhanced heterogeneous nucleation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallographic study of grain refinement of Al by Nb addition

et al. 2014

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“…The inoculant effect of Ti has been extensively studied by Greer et al (2003) for aluminium alloys. In these alloys, Ti formed refractory compounds on the molten metal that acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the grains solidification.…”

Section: Microstructure Of Welded Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Villaret

Deschaux-Beaume

Bordreuil

et al. 2013

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…Production of new grains by dendrite fragmentation should consider remelting, for which there are limited studies only [70]. Heterogeneous nucleation on foreign particles such as Al on TiB 2 or TiC particles has been shown to be athermal and thus does not follow standard theories, at least at small undercooling [11]. Finally, it has been shown recently that homogeneous nucleation in the liquid might depend on the short range order of atoms in the liquid, itself influenced by minute additions of solute elements [71].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming athermal nucleation on inoculant particles such as TiC characterized by a size distribution [11], the evolution of each class of inoculant particles can be tracked. These inoculant particles are assumed to be transported with the velocity of the liquid until they become active at their corresponding undercooling and become grains.…”

Section: Analytical Micro-macro Models Of Solidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and characterization of grain structures and defects in solidification

Rappaz

2016

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

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a b s t r a c tThe paper by Karma and Tourret (this volume) in this special issue focuses on multiscale modeling approaches ranging from atoms to microstructure. In the present one, the most recent and significant modeling contributions dealing with the scale of solidification from microstructure to grain structure are briefly reviewed. The paper also covers modeling of defect formation during the last stage of solidification, namely porosity and hot tearing. As will be shown, the field of solidification has taken advantage of several simulation and experimental tools which have become increasingly powerful and accessible over the past decade. The emphasis will be put on complex 2D and 3D models for which correlations with in situ observations using synchrotron radiation and/or combined orientation and metallography imaging have been made.

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Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys by Inoculation

Cited by 258 publications

References 27 publications

Crystallographic study of grain refinement of Al by Nb addition

Crystallographic study of grain refinement of Al by Nb addition

Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Modeling and characterization of grain structures and defects in solidification

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