Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Villaret, Vincent; Deschaux-Beaume, Frédéric; Bordreuil, Cyril; Rouquette, Sébastien; Chovet, Corinne

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.03.026

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Mo content in fusion zones 3 and 6 corresponds to the expected values. These results confirm the good transfer of chromium and molybdenum during the arc melting of the filler wires, which was previously observed [39]. The contents of the other elements are rather similar in all fusion zones, except for titanium and niobium, due to the large differences of these elements in the various filler wires.…”

Section: Composition and Microstructure Of The Fusion Zonessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, for each filler metal, the electric power and the welding speed are always higher in pulsed mode than in short-circuit mode. The welded samples obtained in short-circuit mode always show a bad wetting of the fusion zone, which is not suited to support cyclic loading [39]. For this reason, only the welded samples obtained in pulsed mode with various filler metals are characterized in this paper.…”

Section: Welding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, only the welded samples obtained in pulsed mode with various filler metals are characterized in this paper. The welding results obtained in short-circuit mode are available in [39]. The welding parameters used in pulsed mode are given on table 2.…”

Section: Welding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cr, Mo, Nb and Ti additional contents are then adjusted in the powder mixture of the core, to obtain the desired composition in the deposited metal. All details concerning the manufacturing process of metal cored filler wires are given in [39]. The global compositions, including elements in the foil and in the core powder, of the seven metal cored filler wires manufactured for this study are given on table 3.…”

Section: Filler Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

et al. 2013

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Several compositions of metal cored filler wire were manufactured to define the best welding conditions for homogeneous welding, by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process, of a modified AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel dedicated to automotive exhaust manifold applications. The patented grade is know under APERAM trade name K44X and has been developed to present improved high temperature fatigue properties. All filler wires investigated contained 19%Cr and 1.8%Mo, equivalent to the base metal K44X chemistry, but various titanium and niobium contents. Chemical analyses and microstructural observations of fusion zones revealed the need of a minimum Ti content of 0.15% to obtain a completely equiaxed grain structure. This structure conferred on the fusion zone a good ductility even in the as-welded state at room temperature. Unfortunately, titanium additions decreased the oxidation resistance at 950°C if no significant Nb complementary alloying was made. The combined high Ti and Nb additions made it possible to obtain for the welded structure, after optimized heat treatment, high temperature tensile strengths and ductility for the fusion zones and assemblies, rather close to those of the base metal. 950°C aging heat treatment was necessary to restore significantly the ductility of the as welded structure. Both fusion zone and base metal presented rather homogenized properties. Finally, with the optimized composition of the cored filler wire -0.3 Ti minimum (i.e. 0.15% in the fusion zone) and high Nb complementary additions, the properties, including the thermal fatigue strength, of the K44X assemblies are excellent.

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Section: Composition and Microstructure Of The Fusion Zonessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Welding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Welding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filler Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

et al. 2013

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“…The faster cooling rate provides a rapid heat dissipation which can generate equiaxed microstructures in the weld metal. Amuda and Mridha (2013) found that the equiaxed grain structure is related to the faster cooling rates at the grain coarsening temperature (Villaret et al, 2013). Higher magnifications of the weld metal (Fig.…”

Section: Macro and Microstructural Characteristics Of The Welded Jointsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Heat input effect on the microstructural transformation and mechanical properties in GTAW welds of a 409L ferritic stainless steel

et al. 2016

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Welds without filler metal and welds using a conventional austenitic stainless steel filler metal (ER308L) were performed to join a ferritic stainless steel with Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process (GTAW). Welding parameters were adjusted to obtain three different heat input values. Microstructure reveals the presence of coarse ferritic matrix and martensite laths in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). Dilution between filler and base metal was correlated with the presence of austenite, martensite and ferrite in the weld metal. Weld thermal cycles were measured to correlate the microstructural transformation in the HAZ. Microhardness measurements (maps and profiles) allow to identify the different zones of the welded joints (weld metal, HAZ, and base metal). Comparing the base metal with the weld metal and the HAZ, a hardness increment (~172 HV 0.5 to ~350 HV 0.5 and ~310 HV 0.5 , respectively) was observed, which has been attributed to the martensite formation. Tensile strength of the welded joints without filler metal increased moderately with respect to base metal. In contrast, ductility was approximately 25% higher than base metal, which provided a toughness improvement of the welded joints. RESUMEN:Efecto del calor de aporte sobre la transformación microestructural y las propiedades mecánicas en soldadura GTAW de un acero inoxidable ferrítico 409L. Se llevaron a cabo soldaduras sin material de aporte y empleando un electrodo convencional (ER308L) para unir un acero inoxidable ferrítico, empleando el proceso de soldadura de arco con electrodo de tungsteno (GTAW). Los parámetros de soldadura fueron ajustados para obtener tres valores diferentes de calor de aporte. La microestructura revela la presencia de una matriz ferrítica gruesa y placas de martensita en la Zona Afectada por el Calor (ZAC). La dilución entre el metal base y de aporte fue correlacionada con la presencia de austenita, martensita y ferrita en el metal de soldadura. Los ciclos térmicos de la soldadura fueron medidos para correlacionar la transformación microestrutural en la ZAC. Mediciones de microdureza (mapas y perfiles), permitieron identificar las diferentes zonas de las uniones soldadas (metal base, ZAC y metal de soldadura). Se observó un incremento de dureza en el metal de soldadura (~350 HV 0,5 ) y en la ZAC (~310 HV 0,5 ), en relación al metal base (~172 HV 0,5 ), que se ha atribuido a la formación de martensita. La resistencia a la tensión de las uniones soldadas sin metal de aporte aumentó ligeramente con respecto al metal base. En cambio, la ductilidad se incrementó aproximadamente un 25% en relación al material base, lo cual mejoró la tenacidad de las uniones.

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CET Model to Predict the Microstructure of Laser Cladding Materials

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Laser Cladding of Metals

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Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

Heat input effect on the microstructural transformation and mechanical properties in GTAW welds of a 409L ferritic stainless steel

CET Model to Predict the Microstructure of Laser Cladding Materials

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