Grain Refinement by Second Phase Particles under Applied Stress in ZK60 Mg Alloy with Y through Phase Field Simulation

Abstract

Based on the principle of grain refinement caused by the second-phase particles, a phase field model was built to describe the recrystallization process in the ZK60 alloy system with Y added under applied stress between temperatures 573 and 673 K for 140 min duration. The simulation of grain growth with second phase particles and applied stress during annealing process on industrial scale on the condition of real time-space was achieved. Quantitative analysis was carried out and some useful laws were revealed in ZK60 alloy system. The second phase particles had a promoting effect on the grain refinement, however the effect weakened significantly when the content exceeded 1.5%. Our simulation results reveal the existence of a critical range of second phase particle size of 0.3–0.4 μm, within which a microstructure of fine grains can be obtained. Applied stress increased the grain coarsening rate significantly when the stress was more than 135 MPa. The critical size of the second phase particles was 0.4–0.75 μm when the applied stress was 135 MPa. Finally, a microstructure with a grain size of 11.8–13.8 μm on average could be obtained when the second phase particles had a content of 1.5% and a size of 0.4–0.75 μm with an applied stress less than 135 Mpa after 30 min annealing at 573 K.

Lattice Phase Field Model for Nanomaterials

“…The nano-grained metals have attracted great attention due to their excellent properties for the structure designed [ 29 , 30 ]. Since the grain growth process is widely simulated through the phase field model [ 4 , 31 , 32 ], this lattice model can take into account the grain lattice direction in the elastic contribution of the total free energy. It should be noted that no specific material is employed.…”

Artificial Intelligence Application in Solid State Mg-Based Hydrogen Energy Storage

“…While studying the effect of second phase particles of Y on ZK60 Mg alloy, Song Y. et al [31] showed that second phase particles results in a microstructure of fine grains.…”

“…These observed improvements in hydrogen properties are the result of interrelated parameters associated with particle size. While studying the effect of second phase particles of Y on ZK60 Mg alloy, Song Y. et al [31] showed that second phase particles results in a microstructure of fine grains.…”

“…Furthermore, magnesium alloys with nanometer grain sizes produced by high energy ball milling (HEBM) exhibited improved behavior when subjected to high temperatures for stabilization, resulting in improvements in mechanical properties [33][34][35][36]. There is already a lot of evidence that nanosizing is a viable solution that could lead to the development of functional hydrogen storage materials with high capacity and cycling capability near the While studying the effect of second phase particles of Y on ZK60 Mg alloy, Song Y. et al [31] showed that second phase particles results in a microstructure of fine grains.…”

Lightweight AlCuFeMnMgTi High Entropy Alloy with High Strength-to-Density Ratio Processed by Powder Metallurgy

“…phase is slightly finer as compared to BCC1 (Table 2). As the BCC2 phase fraction increases, the size of BCC1 phase is slightly decreased with milling time due to the increase in grain size strengthening effect [28]. Figure 2a, b displays the XRD patterns of the bulk LWHEA after densification at 600 and 700 °C.…”