Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Cu–Cr–Zr Alloys with Different Nano-Sized TiCp Addition

Zhang, Dongdong; Bai, Fengshan; Wang, Yong; Wang, Jinguo; Wang, Wenquan

doi:10.3390/ma10080919

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These phases were reported due to the low interfacial energy, but the low presence is related to the reaction with other components to form other intermetallics. The formation of Cu 3 Ti is linked to reduction of interfacial energy greater than provided for CuTi, CuTi 2 , Cu 4 Ti 3 in the reactions between Cu-Ti and first intermetallics of the sintering process, in combination with TiC particles that modified the nucleation of complex phases as reported by Zhang et al [41].…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Bohórquez

Pérez

Sarmiento-Santos

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Microstructure and tribological properties had been studied in a Cu-Ti-1%TiC MMC with titanium concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The composite was manufactured following the pulvimetallurgical route that included: mechanical and ultrasonic mixing in 2-propanol, compaction at 400 MPa and sintering assisted by abnormal glow discharge in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen and 90% argon. The discharge was established in the direct current regime and the voltage values were adjusted according to the sintering temperatures of 750°C and 850°C. The sintering process was carried out for 30 min and then cooled in the same atmosphere. As a result, a differentiated in morphology and wear properties were obtained in the sintered parts. At 750°C a microstructure characterized by the stability of Ti grains with intermetallic precipitates such as CuTi 2 and CuTi were observed at the interface with the matrix. On the other hand, the intermetallic phases as Cu 3 Ti, Cu 4 Ti and CuTi 2 had been detected in the sintered at 850°C. These phases were related to diffusive processes that occurred during the sintering, enhanced by the energy provided by the process. It had been observed that with increase of titanium content an improvement of the MMC tribological properties. In titanium contents of 20% at 750°C was estimated a wear coefficient of 2.7 × 10 −8 mm 3 .N −1 .m −1 with a track width of 312 μm. Despite the pores originated during the sintering of MMC at 850°C was found a wear coefficient value of 2.4 × 10 −8 mm 3 .N −1 .m −1 and a track size of 778 μm, related to the plastic deformation exerted on the porous structures during the wear process. Results of the tribological analysis lead that this compound may be applied in fields where the balance between adequate tribological properties and lightness are highly required such as the automotive, aeronautical and biomedical industries.

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Section: Microstructure Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Bohórquez

Pérez

Sarmiento-Santos

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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show abstract

“…Copper and its alloys are widely used in automobile, electronic, and electric power industries due to their high strength, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and good ductility, as well as because they can be easily shaped [1][2][3][4][5][6]. To satisfy applications in the frame materials in large-scale integrity circuits, besides the requirement of high strength and high electrical conductivity, excellent recrystallization resistance is also needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation, Recrystallization, and Evolution of Annealing Twins in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2018

Metals

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In this paper, the precipitation, recrystallization, and evolution of twins in Cu-Cr-Zr alloy strips were investigated. Tensile specimens were aged at three different temperatures for various times so as to bring the strips into every possible aging condition. The results show that the appropriate aging parameter for the 70% reduced cold-rolled alloy strips is 723 K for 240 min, with a tensile strength of 536 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 85.3% International Annealed Copper Standards (IACS) at the peak aged condition. The formation of fcc (face-centered cubic) ordered Cr-rich precipitates (β) is an important factor influencing the significant improvement of properties near the peak aged condition. In terms of crystallographic orientation relationships, there are basically two types of β precipitates in the alloy. Beyond the Cr-rich precipitates (β (I)) formed during the early aging stages, which mimic a cube-on-cube orientation relationship (OR) with the matrix, another Cr-rich precipitate (β (II)) is observed in the peak aged condition. β (II) is coherent with the matrix, with the following ORs: [111] β (II) //[100] Cu , {02-2} β (II) //{02-2} Cu and [011] β (II) //[211] Cu , {200} β (II) //{-111} Cu. These precipitates have a strong dislocation and grain boundary pinning effect, which hinder the dislocation movement and crystal boundary migration, and eventually delay recrystallization and enhance the recrystallization resistance of the peak aged strips. During the subsequent annealing process, the transition phase β gradually loses the coherence mismatch and grows into a larger equilibrium phase of chromium with a bcc (body-centered cubic) structure (β), resulting in the reduction of the pinning effect to dislocations and sub-grains, so that recrystallization occurs. Annealing twins are formed during the recrystallization process to release the deformation energy and to reduce the drive force for interface migration, eventually hindering grain growth.

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“…Compacted reinforced TiC-TiB 2 /Cu cermets composites with homogeneous dispersion have been obtained. Zhang et al [ 34 ] revealed that the trace elements Cr and Zr are the best strengthening elements of Cu alloys. In this study, a hot pressing-sintering in-situ reaction is used to prevent formation of voids in cermets [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cr and Zr Addition on Microstructures, Compressive Properties, and Abrasive Wear Behaviors of In Situ TiB2/Cu Cermets

et al. 2018

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In situ micro-TiB2/Cu cermets with a different TiB2 content (40, 50, and 60 vol %) were successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis (CS) and hot press consolidation in Cu-Ti-B systems. In addition, different contents of Cr and Zr were added to the Cu-Ti-B systems. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and abrasive wear properties of the TiB2/Cu cermets were investigated. As the ceramic content increased, the yield strength and compressive strength of the cermets were found to increase, while the strain decreased. An increase in load and abrasive particle size caused the wear volume loss of the TiB2/Cu cermets to increase. When the ceramic content was 60 vol %, the wear resistance of the TiB2/Cu cermets was 3.3 times higher than that of pure copper. The addition of the alloying elements Zr and Cr had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cermets. When the Cr content was 5 wt %, the yield strength, ultimate compressive strength, and microhardness of the cermets reached a maximum of 997 MPa, 1183 MPa, and 491 Hv, respectively. Correspondingly, when the Zr content was 5 wt %, those three values reached 1764 MPa, 1967 MPa, and 655 Hv, respectively, which are 871 MPa, 919 MPa, and 223 Hv higher than those of the unalloyed cermets. The wear mechanism of the in-situ TiB2/Cu cermets, and the mechanisms by which the strength and wear resistance were enhanced by the addition of Zr, were preliminarily revealed.

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Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Cu–Cr–Zr Alloys with Different Nano-Sized TiCp Addition

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Precipitation, Recrystallization, and Evolution of Annealing Twins in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

Effects of Cr and Zr Addition on Microstructures, Compressive Properties, and Abrasive Wear Behaviors of In Situ TiB2/Cu Cermets

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