Grain chalkiness traits is affected by the synthesis and dynamic accumulation of the storage protein in rice

Xi, Min; Wu, Wenge; Xu, Youzun; Zhou, Yongjin; Chen, Gang; Ji, Yalan; Sun, Xueyuan

doi:10.1002/jsfa.11269

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Further research on the chalkiness of rice found that the generation of chalkiness is related to the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rice, and the decrease in the activity of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase is related to the chalkiness of rice [32]. The activity of proteinrelated synthase such as glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in rice 15 days after anthesis was correlated with rice chalkiness [33]. The chalkiness of the seven rice varieties we used showed the greatest changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Comprehensive Evaluation of 17 Qualities of 84 Types of Rice Based on Principal Component Analysis

Shi

Wang

et al. 2021

Foods

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Rice quality is a complex indicator, and people are paying more and more attention to the quality of rice. Therefore, we used seven rice varieties for twelve nitrogen fertilizer treatments and obtained eighty-four rice types with seventeen qualities. It was found that 17 quality traits had different coefficients of variation. Among them, the coefficient of variation of chalkiness and protein content was the largest, 44.60% and 17.89% respectively. The cluster analysis method was used to define four categories of different rice qualities. The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate 17 qualities of 84 rice. It was found that rice quality was better under low nitrogen conditions, Huanghuazhan and Lvyinzhan were easier to obtain better comprehensive rice quality during cultivation. Future rice research should focus on reducing protein content and increasing peak viscosity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Comprehensive Evaluation of 17 Qualities of 84 Types of Rice Based on Principal Component Analysis

Shi

Wang

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Furthermore, the results also showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer under elevated temperature could alleviate grain development, prolong the grain-filling period, and coordinate the development of amyloplasts and PBs (Figure 2), and it may be one of the main reasons for the decrease in chalkiness. However, Xi et al (2021) showed that nitrogen application at the panicle differentiation stage promoted the formation of chalky grains. This may indicate that the mechanism of the formation of chalkiness is relatively complicated, and physiological factors, genetic factors, and ecological factors could co-modulate its formation.…”

Section: Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulates Endosperm Development Under Elevated Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulated Grain Storage Protein Synthesis and Reduced Chalkiness of Rice Under Actual Field Warming

Wang

Yin

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Our previous study has shown that nitrogen plays an important role in dealing with significantly increased chalkiness caused by elevated temperature. However, the role of nitrogen metabolites has not been given sufficient attention, and its regulatory mechanism is not clear. This study investigated the effects of high temperature and nitrogen fertilizer on the synthesis of grain storage protein and further explored the quality mechanism under the actual scenario of field warming. Results showed that increased temperature and nitrogen fertilizer could affect the activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes, namely, glutamate synthetase, glutamine synthetase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and the expressions of storage protein synthesis factor genes, namely, GluA and GluB, and subfamily genes, namely, pro14, BiP1, and PDIL1, which co-induced the changes of storage protein synthesis in rice grains. Furthermore, the increased temperature changed the balance of grain storage substances which may lead to the significantly increased chalky rate (197.67%) and chalkiness (532.92%). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between prolamin content and chalkiness, indicating that nitrogen fertilizer might regulate the formation of chalkiness by affecting the synthesis of prolamin. Results suggested that nitrogen application could regulate the related core factors involved in nitrogen metabolism pathways, which, in turn, affects the changes in the storage protein components in the grain and further affects quality. Therefore, as a conventional cultivation measure, nitrogen application would have a certain value in future rice production in response to climate warming.

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“…Since both starch and proteins in grains are synthesized using sugar as the carbon source ( Bao et al., 2015 ; Xin et al., 2019 ), an optimal coordination between the C and N metabolism during grain filling is crucial, but less worked upon. Reports suggest that the nitrogen metabolism pathway and synthesis of storage proteins in particular may lead to grain chalk formation in rice ( Han et al., 2012 ; Xi et al., 2021 ). A significant negative correlation between prolamin content and chalkiness has also been discovered ( Wang et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-QTL and haplo-pheno analysis reveal superior haplotype combinations associated with low grain chalkiness under high temperature in rice

Kumari

Sharma²,

Sharma³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Chalk, an undesirable grain quality trait in rice, is primarily formed due to high temperatures during the grain-filling process. Owing to the disordered starch granule structure, air spaces and low amylose content, chalky grains are easily breakable during milling thereby lowering head rice recovery and its market price. Availability of multiple QTLs associated with grain chalkiness and associated attributes, provided us an opportunity to perform a meta-analysis and identify candidate genes and their alleles contributing to enhanced grain quality. From the 403 previously reported QTLs, 64 Meta-QTLs encompassing 5262 non-redundant genes were identified. MQTL analysis reduced the genetic and physical intervals and nearly 73% meta-QTLs were narrower than 5cM and 2Mb, revealing the hotspot genomic regions. By investigating expression profiles of 5262 genes in previously published datasets, 49 candidate genes were shortlisted on the basis of their differential regulation in at least two of the datasets. We identified non-synonymous allelic variations and haplotypes in 39 candidate genes across the 3K rice genome panel. Further, we phenotyped a subset panel of 60 rice accessions by exposing them to high temperature stress under natural field conditions over two Rabi cropping seasons. Haplo-pheno analysis uncovered haplotype combinations of two starch synthesis genes, GBSSI and SSIIa, significantly contributing towards the formation of grain chalk in rice. We, therefore, report not only markers and pre-breeding material, but also propose superior haplotype combinations which can be introduced using either marker-assisted breeding or CRISPR-Cas based prime editing to generate elite rice varieties with low grain chalkiness and high HRY traits.

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Grain chalkiness traits is affected by the synthesis and dynamic accumulation of the storage protein in rice

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Comprehensive Evaluation of 17 Qualities of 84 Types of Rice Based on Principal Component Analysis

Comprehensive Evaluation of 17 Qualities of 84 Types of Rice Based on Principal Component Analysis

Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulated Grain Storage Protein Synthesis and Reduced Chalkiness of Rice Under Actual Field Warming

Meta-QTL and haplo-pheno analysis reveal superior haplotype combinations associated with low grain chalkiness under high temperature in rice

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