“…He classified value stream mapping (Womack and Jones, 2003, Duggan, 2003, Lee, 2005, Hines et al, 2004 and all the process mapping tools such as process activity maps Nick, 1997, Bicheno, 2000), Customer maps (Bicheno, 2000, Hines andNick, 1997), product variety maps (Bicheno, 2000), cost flow maps (Bicheno, 2000, Hines and Nick, 1997, Hines et al, 2004, etc as flow diagram charts. IDEF0 (Icam DEFinition Zero) (NIST, 1993), SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) (Marca and McGowan, 1988) and SSADM (Structure System Analysis and Design Method) (Ashworth, 1988) were classified as structured systems whilst GRAI (Graphes a` Resultats et Activite´ s Interrelie´ s) (Doumeingts et al, 1998) , CIMOSA (Open System Architecture for CIM) (Kosanke, 1996, AMICE, 1993, Vernadat and Berio, 1999, PERA (Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture) (Williams, 2002) and the other enterprise modelling tools were classified as architectural systems.…”