Grafting of various acrylic monomers on to natural rubber: Effects of glutaraldehyde curing on mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties

Promsung, Rawiporn; Nakaramontri, Yeampon; Kummerlöwe, Claudia; Johns, Jobish; Vennemann, Norbert; Saetung, Nitinart; Kalkornsurapranee, Ekwipoo

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102387

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…At the initial stage of strain (lower than 100%), the composites showed drastic increase in stress following the Neo-Hookean theory. This might be due to the chain entanglement of NR molecules, which can refer to the strength of the composites against extension [ 26 ]. Above 300% strain, the stress of NR/CNT composites increased again until reaching a maximum stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Promsung,

Chuaybamrung,

Georgopoulou

et al. 2024

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled natural rubber (NR) composites with various CNT contents at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 phr were prepared by latex mixing method using glutaraldehyde as curing agent. This work aims to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of CNT filled NR vulcanizates. The CNT dispersion of NR composites was clarified using dispersion grader, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical properties of NR composites in the existing of CNT networks were studied by following the well-known percolation theory. It was observed that the NR composites exhibited low percolation threshold at 0.98 phr of CNT. Moreover, a three-dimensional network formation of CNT in the NR composites was observed and it is indicated by the t-value of 1.67. The mechanical properties of NR composites in terms of modulus, tensile strength and hardness properties were increased upon the addition of CNT to the optimum mechanical properties at 1 phr of CNT. Therefore, the present work is found the novelty of the study that the conductive rubber latex film can be produced using GA as low-temperature curing agent which enhanced good electrical properties. Moreover, this work is found to be beneficial in case of conductive rubber latex film that requires high modulus at low strain. The additional advantage of this system is the curing process occurs at low-temperature using GA and it can be easily processed. Graphical abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above 300% strain, the stress of NR/CNT composites increased again until reaching a maximum stress. This behavior indicates the strain-induced crystallization of the NR/CNT composites [ 15 , 26 ]. Table 3 summarizes overall mechanical properties of NR/CNT composites using GA as curing agent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Promsung,

Chuaybamrung,

Georgopoulou

et al. 2024

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“…FT‐IR and NMR are reliable methods for determining the mechanism of graft copolymerization. [ 15,32 ] The following studies were carried out in order to elucidate the mechanism of graft copolymerization. The task of these studies is to determine the scheme of formation of active polymerization initiation centers: due to the breaking of π bonds or the abstraction of a proton from the CPR molecule.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14 ] The synthesis of graft copolymers of natural rubber with acrylic monomers was carried out in order to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. [ 15,16 ] Graft copolymers of styrene‐butadiene rubber with 3‐octanoylthio‐1‐propyltriethoxysilane have been used to obtain dispersed composites with silica. [ 17 ] Graft copolymers of synthetic rubbers with butyl methacrylate were synthesized at temperatures of 60°C–70°C in xylene solution, in the presence of azoisobutyric acid dinitrile ester as an initiator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characteristics, mechanism of synthesis, adhesive properties of graft copolymer of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid

Rafikov

Khodjaeva

Karimov

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Synthesized graft copolymers of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid in a solution of a mixture of dimethylformamide and benzene, in the presence of potassium persulfate. The gravimetric method determined the orders of the reaction rate by the concentrations of acrylic acid (2.0) and potassium persulfate (1.2), the total activation energy of the process (24.4 kJ/mol). It was found that the degree of grafting increases up to 140% with an increase in the concentration of the monomer, initiator, temperature, and process time. The efficiency of grafting changes insignificantly with changes in synthesis conditions and has a high value (67%–91%) over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures, and times. With an increase in the concentration of acrylic acid and a process time of up to 8 h, the molecular weight of the grafted polyacrylic acid chains increases to 38,000. IR Fourier, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies established the mechanism of graft copolymerization. Radical active centers are formed as a result of hydrogen abstraction from the rubber molecule after interaction with potassium persulfate. Copolymers synthesized at a mass ratio of rubber:acrylic acid from 1:0.5 to 1:2, have excellent adhesion to the surface of the skin and textile material.

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“…The reaction was studied in an aqueous medium by varying the concentrations of the monomer, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium thiosulfate [9]. In order to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of natural rubber, its graft copolymerization with acrylic monomers was carried out [10]. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on chloroprene rubber in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an initiator is carried out in order to improve the adhesive ability of adhesives [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a graft copolymer of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid as a shoe adhesive

et al. 2023

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Synthesized graft copolymers of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid. A mixture of benzene and dimethylformamide was used as a solvent, and potassium persulfate was used as a polymerization initiator. Based on the dependence of the copolymerization rate on the concentrations of components and temperature, the order of the reaction rate in terms of the concentration of acrylic acid (2.0), potassium persulfate (1.2) and the activation energy of the process (24.4 kJ/mole) were determined. The degree of grafting of polyacrylic acid increases from 2% to 140% with increasing process time, monomer and initiator concentrations. Grafting efficiency is high (70-90%) in a wide range of time and component concentrations. The graft copolymer has high adhesion to the surface of the skin and tissue.

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Grafting of various acrylic monomers on to natural rubber: Effects of glutaraldehyde curing on mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Molecular characteristics, mechanism of synthesis, adhesive properties of graft copolymer of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid

Synthesis of a graft copolymer of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid as a shoe adhesive

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