In the weaving industry, cotton yarn undergoes mandatory sizing to uniformly pass the threads through the mechanisms of weaving machines, reduce breakage and improve the weaving process. Sizing is only necessary for weaving, and then sizing substances are removed from the fabric. With a successful combination of the sizing process and special processing of fabrics, significant progress is achieved in the technology of manufacturing fire-resistant fabrics and a significant economic, environmental effect. The purpose of the study is the development of a fire-retardant composition based on collagen, a method of grafting collagen to cellulose at the stage of sizing cotton yarn and obtaining fire-resistant textile material. By grafting a sizing composition containing collagen, polyacrylamide, boric acid, urea and potassium persulfate to cellulose, a highly effective fire-resistant material was obtained. The introduction of collagen and polyacrylamide in the composition sticks together the fibers of the yarn, at the same time makes the cotton material non-flammable when exposed to direct fire, reduces the time of smoke and the coefficient of smoke formation, which made it possible to obtain fire-resistant textile material belonging to a high category. By combining the processes of sizing and fire retardant processing of the main and weft yarns using biodegradable collagen, the technological operations of the production of fire-resistant material are reduced, which contributes to the conservation of natural resources and the solution of an acute environmental problem.

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A reinforced textile film material has been produced, based on graft copolymers of collagen with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters. IR and PMR spectra have been used to determine the chemical structure of the material, and its physicomechanical properties have been studied.

Synthesized graft copolymers of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid in a solution of a mixture of dimethylformamide and benzene, in the presence of potassium persulfate. The gravimetric method determined the orders of the reaction rate by the concentrations of acrylic acid (2.0) and potassium persulfate (1.2), the total activation energy of the process (24.4 kJ/mol). It was found that the degree of grafting increases up to 140% with an increase in the concentration of the monomer, initiator, temperature, and process time. The efficiency of grafting changes insignificantly with changes in synthesis conditions and has a high value (67%–91%) over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures, and times. With an increase in the concentration of acrylic acid and a process time of up to 8 h, the molecular weight of the grafted polyacrylic acid chains increases to 38,000. IR Fourier, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies established the mechanism of graft copolymerization. Radical active centers are formed as a result of hydrogen abstraction from the rubber molecule after interaction with potassium persulfate. Copolymers synthesized at a mass ratio of rubber:acrylic acid from 1:0.5 to 1:2, have excellent adhesion to the surface of the skin and textile material.

Five types of multilayer nonwovens for clothing and footwear parts were obtained by the adhesive bonding method. The thickest middle layer of the material consists of evenly laid coarse camel or sheep fibers or of reconstituted cotton fibers from flaps, the upper and lower layers consist of knitwear, and polymer adhesive is located between the layers. The layers are bonded by thermal pressing at a temperature of 150 ± 5°C for 2.0 ± 0.2 min. The microstructure and morphology of fibers, polymer adhesive, and multilayer nonwoven fabric were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, and X-ray phase analysis. The chemical interaction between wool fibers and polymer adhesive, the geometric dimensions and shape of the fibers, the structure and morphology of the cross section of the layers of the material, and the change in the degree of crystallinity of the material have been established. The investigated coarse and thick fibers of camel and sheep wool are more suitable for the production of nonwoven textile material. In the process of thermal exposure, the molten polymer diffuses into the structure of the nonwoven layer and knitted fabric. The diffusion and excellent adhesion of the molten polymer to the fibers ensures the solidity and strength of the composite. The developed design provides high strength of the material as a whole and adhesive strength between layers, high heat-retaining properties, and the use of a mesh adhesive film provides sufficient air and vapor permeability.

The article presents the results of a study of the properties of a new multi-layer reinforced composite material based on polyethylene and mesh knitted fabric. The physical and mechanical and operational properties of the reinforced polymer laminates depend on the type of raw material, the geometric dimensions and shape of the lumen of the mesh knitted fabrics, on the methods and modes of formation of the multilayer material.

Certain physicochemical properties of the synthesized graft copolymers of raw skin collagen and natural silk fibroin with polyacrylic acid have been determined. The dependence of the solubility, density, and thermal properties of copolymers on the ratio of components and synthesis conditions has been established.

Waterproof "breathable" membrane materials were obtained using acrylic emulsion for the polymer layer and cotton terry cloth for the textile layer. Excellent physical, mechanical, and hygienic properties of polymer-textile materials obtained by spraying the emulsion on the wrong side of the terry cloth, allow them to be used for medical and prophylactic bed linen. The resulting materials absorb a large amount of water (350%-366%), at the same time do not let liquid water through (water resistance-395-470 mm H 2 O), but have sufficient air and vapor permeability. The water-absorbing and membrane properties of the obtained materials are due to their nature (hydrophilicity of cellulose fibers, hydrophobicity of polymethylacrylate) and structure (terry weaving of a textile fabric, the presence of micropores). Scanning electron microscope studies of the surface and cross section showed the capillaryporous structure of the polymer layer and the material as a whole. When spraying an acrylic emulsion, a continuous polymer film is not formed; a hydrophobic polymer layer is located on the surface of individual fibers of a textile fabric. Another important advantage of the obtained membrane materials is that their water absorption, water resistance, and "breathing" properties are preserved after repeated washings.