Grafted Starch Foam Stabilizer ESt‐g‐NAA for High‐Temperature Resistant CGA Drilling Fluid via Inverse Emulsion Polymerization

Abstract

Colloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluid is an environmentally friendly near-balanced drilling technology that has been successfully applied to depleted oil/gas reservoirs. To overcome the limitations of its application in high-temperature drilling, acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) are grafted onto starch via inverse emulsion polymerization, and a foam stabilizer ESt-g-NAA with a temperature resistance of ≥150°C is synthesized. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) analysis suggest that all monomers are grafted onto starch efficiently. ESt-g-NAA has good solubility and thermal stability, as well as an excellent ability to stabilize foams at high temperatures. Based on microscopic observation, stable aphrons are generated successfully in the CGA drilling fluid prepared by ESt-g-NAA and surfactant after 150°C aged. Results show that ESt-g-NAA based CGA drilling fluid aged at appointed temperatures (120-180°C) is a high-performance drilling fluid with shear-thinning behavior, extremely high values of low shear rate viscosity (LSRV), and well-building capabilities.

Biodegradable Lubricant with High-Temperature and Ionic-Contamination Resistance: Deep Eutectic Solvent ChCl-PEG

“…Choline chloride (ChCl, AR, 98%) was a commercial product from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 (PEG, CP) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. EST is a self-made modified starch polymer with high-temperature resistance, and its detailed synthesis method is given in the previous literature . Bentonite for preparing base mud was purchased from Weifang Boda Bentonite Co., Ltd.…”

Study of a novel cross linked graft copolymer starch in water-based drilling fluid

“…The chemical bonds formed through this process are not easily broken down by hydrolysis. The amide and carboxyl groups provide the polymer with strong hydrophilicity and absorbability [55], leading to the thickening of the hydration film. In addition, the fivemembered ring of pyrrolidone enhances the rigidity of the polymer chain [49,50].…”

“…Consequently, the permeability of mud cake increases, leading to an increase in API fluid loss [64,65]. After adding SAANM to the bentonite-based mud, the amide groups in its molecular chain form hydrogen bonds with aluminum hydroxyl and silicon hydroxyl groups on the clay particles surfaces, forming intercalation adsorption that effectively improves the hydration and dispersion performance of clay [55,66]. Furthermore, the inclusion of NVP within the molecular structure of SAANM serves to improve salt resistance and prevent clay particles from aggregation, ultimately leading to enhanced fluid loss control performance [50,67,68].…”

Starch Grafted Water Resistant Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Wood Adhesive: A Review

“…Due to the increasing global energy crisis and shortage of petroleum sources, chemical industry' focus has moved their approach to new raw material resources. The main focus of raw materials in wood adhesives, such as hydrocarbon and natural gas [8] [9], would be gradually substituted by sustainable natural polymers [10] that are inexpensive [11] [12] [13]. The key raw materials of PVAc adhesive depended on non-renewable resources such as hydrocarbon and Figure 1.…”