Graft copolymers of wood pulp and 1‐phenylethene. I. Generality of synthesis and proof of copolymerization

Meister, John J.; Chen, Meng-Jiu

doi:10.1002/app.1993.070490601

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There are many papers regarding grafting of synthetic vinyl monomers like styrene, acrylamide, acrylonitrile onto lignin or hemicellulose by free radical copolymerization in chemical initiation of radicals (Phillips et al 1972;Fanta et al 1982;Meister et al 1984Meister et al , 1991Meister and Patil 1985;Meister and Chen 1993) or chemoenzymatical (Milstein et al 1989;Milstein et al 1993Milstein et al , 1994Mai et al 2000). There are also reports on free radicals generation using high-frequency ultrasound (Petrier et al 1994;Gadhe et al 2006), UV laser energy (Dodson et al 2009), or cirradiation (Supe et al 1993) which, in fact, are a combination of physical and chemical modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally initiated solvent-free radical modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood

et al. 2013

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A procedure for rapidly modifying beech wood using a thermally initiated solvent-free grafting system was examined. In the modification, butyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate were used as vinyl monomers. Free radicals were generated from 2,2 0 -azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) or benzoyl peroxide at 103 and 180°C by contact heating of the modified material. Chemical changes in the material were investigated by FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The modification resulted in decreased surface wetting of the material manifested by increased water contact angles. The hardness of the resultant material decreased, while its color changed by the effect of temperature. It was shown that the approach allowed for efficient thermal-initiated modification of wood with rapid contact heating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally initiated solvent-free radical modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood

et al. 2013

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“…Meister et al have shown that when lignin is reacted with 2‐propaneamide and 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐amino‐4‐oxohex‐5‐ene‐1‐sulfonic acid it forms a graft terpolymer that is water soluble 15. Meister et al has also shown that lignin can be synthesized with 2‐propenamide as well as 1‐phenylethylene to form graft copolymers with lignin 16–20. Jo and coworkers have shown that aniline can be reacted with poly(styrenesulfonic acid‐ co ‐aminostyrene) also resulting in a copolymer with improved solubility 21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lignosulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline

Taylor

Cole

Soora

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyaniline was synthesized in the presence of lignosulfonic acid to yield a product (LIGNO-PANI) that is water-dispersible. Several samples ranging from 0 to 70% lignosulfonate (LS) were prepared. These samples were then evaluated for differences in dispersibility and conductivity. As the percent of LS in the samples was increased, the water-dispersibility of the LIGNO-PANI also increased. The particle size of the samples as well as the conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing percentages of LS in the samples.After extensive washings, however, the conductivity remained fairly constant ($ 0.4 S/cm) regardless of the amount of LS in the samples. Additionally, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR data were used to demonstrate that the LS is grafted to polyaniline during the synthesis of LIGNO-PANI.

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“…16 Several researchers have also reported the successful grafting of lignin, which has a structure similar to tannin, to various copolymers. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Additionally, Joseph and coworkers have demonstrated that polymers formed via free radical mechanisms can be covalently grafted to tannins, resulting in a homogenous dispersion of the polymer in water. 23 Possible sites of grafting polyaniline to the TS are indicated by an asterisk in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tanninsulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline

Taylor¹,

Cole²,

Berry³

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyaniline was synthesized in the presence of tanninsulfonic acid to yield a product tanninsulfonic acid-doped polyaniline (TANI-PANI) that is water-dispersible. Several samples ranging from 0 to 70% tanninsulfonate (TS) were prepared. These samples were then evaluated for differences in dispersibility, particle size, and conductivity. As the percent of TS in the samples was increased, the water-dispersibility of the TANI-PANI also increased. The particle size of the samples as well as the conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing percentages of TS in the samples. After extensive washings, however, the conductivity remained fairly constant ($0.5 S/cm) regardless of the amount of TS in the samples. Additionally, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR data were used to demonstrate that the TS may be grafted to polyaniline during the synthesis of TANI-PANI.

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Graft copolymers of wood pulp and 1‐phenylethene. I. Generality of synthesis and proof of copolymerization

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Thermally initiated solvent-free radical modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood

Thermally initiated solvent-free radical modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood

The use of lignosulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline

Use of tanninsulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline

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