Use of tanninsulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline

Abstract

Polyaniline was synthesized in the presence of tanninsulfonic acid to yield a product tanninsulfonic acid-doped polyaniline (TANI-PANI) that is water-dispersible. Several samples ranging from 0 to 70% tanninsulfonate (TS) were prepared. These samples were then evaluated for differences in dispersibility, particle size, and conductivity. As the percent of TS in the samples was increased, the water-dispersibility of the TANI-PANI also increased. The particle size of the samples as well as the conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing percentages of TS in the samples. After extensive washings, however, the conductivity remained fairly constant ($0.5 S/cm) regardless of the amount of TS in the samples. Additionally, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR data were used to demonstrate that the TS may be grafted to polyaniline during the synthesis of TANI-PANI.

Ammonia Gas Sensing Behavior of Tanninsulfonic Acid Doped Polyaniline-TiO2 Composite

“…The spectra in Figure 4 shows the occurrence of quinoid C = C and benzenoid C = C stretching vibrations at 1580 and 1490 cm −1 , respectively, confirming the emeraldine base form of polyaniline [ 22 , 34 , 36 , 43 , 47 ]. The occurrence of sulfonate stretching band at 1030 cm −1 band in both the spectra is an indication of tannin sulfonate grafting to polyaniline [ 22 , 23 ]. Titanium dioxide is a broadly absorbing material below 900 cm −1 and this absorption peak is clearly evident in TANIPANI-TiO 2 sample.…”

“…Potential dopants for PANI include camphor sulfonic acid, p -toluene sulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, tanninsulfonic acid, ligninsulfonic acid, etc. Among these dopants, tanninsulfonic and ligninsulfonic acid-doped PANI were found to exhibit enhanced chemical stability and thermal degradation properties and have performed as better anti-corrosion materials [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

“…Tannins and lignins are plant based renewable resources abundantly available in nature and can be effectively utilized to complex metal oxides due to the o -catechol moieties in their chemical structure [ 25 ]. Grafting of tannins and lignins to PANI has already been established in the literature [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], and in this preparation, tannin is effective in bringing the PANI and metal oxides together. In our previous report, grafting tannin to polyaniline and the interaction of tannins and metal oxides with polyaniline has been discussed in detail [ 22 , 23 , 26 ].…”

“…Grafting of tannins and lignins to PANI has already been established in the literature [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], and in this preparation, tannin is effective in bringing the PANI and metal oxides together. In our previous report, grafting tannin to polyaniline and the interaction of tannins and metal oxides with polyaniline has been discussed in detail [ 22 , 23 , 26 ]. Electronic properties of PANI are found to be influenced by the presence of metal oxides.…”

Manipulating Polyaniline Fibrous Networks by Doping Tetra-β-carboxyphthalocyanine Cobalt(II) for Remarkably Enhanced Ammonia Sensing

“…Previous studies have been validated that the gassensing performance of acid-doped PANI is severely influenced by changing the chemical nature, and doping PANI also created more active sites. 33,34 Additionally, conveniently regulating the morphology and structure of PANI (e.g., nanosheets, 20 nanotubes, 35 nanowires, 36 etc.) is also highly desirable, since the nanostructured PANI has high surface-to-volume ratios for more active sites exposed on the surface, which contributes to the large gas adsorption capacity and the high sensitivity.…”