Graft copolymeric flocculant using functionalized starch towards treatment of blast furnace effluent

Das, Soumen; Patra, Priyapratim; Singha, Koushik; Biswas, Pinakpani; Sarkar, Supriya; Pal, Sagar

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.026

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Neutralization precipitation and adsorption are widely used [21,22]. However, neutralization precipitation requires a large amount of chemical agents, such as neutralizer and flocculent [23,24], which leads to difficulties in solid-liquid separation and high processing costs [25,26]. Besides various adsorbent materials, activated carbon is frequently used for adsorption, but has a low adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, has high costs, and cannot neutralize acid [27][28][29].…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Zhan

Xiao

2019

Sustainability

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Novel multifunctional adsorbent bentonite-steel slag composite particles (BSC) were developed for highly efficient and synergistic treatment of heavy metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD). Single-factor experiments were performed to examine the influence of different parameters on the adsorption effect, alkalinity release quantity, and loss rate of the composite particles. Based on these results, an L9(4 3 ) orthogonal experiment was carried out, and the optimum levels and order of the factors were determined by range analysis. Finally, the optimum preparation process of the composite particles was determined: a bentonite-steel slag proportion of 5:5, Na 2 CO 3 content of 5%, aging time of 12 h, calcination particle size of 2 mm, calcination temperature of 500 • C, and calcination time of 60 min. The isothermal adsorption of optimum BSC fit well with Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms (R 2 R 2 > 0.997). A synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect occurs, leading to the appearance of multiple layers locally on the surface of BSC, which satisfies the BET model. To understand the preparation mechanism of the BSC, bentonite, steel slag, uncalcined BSC, and the optimum BSC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that calcination led to an increase in the average pore radius, total pore volume, and specific surface area (S BET ) in the optimum BSC; numerous pores were present on its layered surface. Although the layer spacing increased after calcination, the structure of the dioctahedra remained unchanged. Exchangeable Na + , montmorillonite, and alkaline components were present between the optimum BSC layers. Water and impurities were removed after calcination. The BSC not only released an alkalinity-neutralising acid but also induced a synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect that removed heavy metal ions. It is an excellent multifunctional protective material for the mining environment, that can treat AMD-containing heavy metal ions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 18 2 of 27 Current techniques for treating AMD containing heavy metals include the neutralization precipitation [11], electrochemical [12], membrane separation [13-15], microbial [16,17], constructed wetland [18], and adsorption [19,20] methods. Neutralization precipitation and adsorption are widely used [21,22]. However, neutralization precipitation requires a large amount of chemical agents, such as neutralizer and flocculent [23,24], which leads to difficulties in solid-liquid separation and high processing costs [25,26]. Besides various adsorbent materials, activated carbon is frequently used for adsorption, but has a low adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, has high costs, and cannot neutralize acid [27][28][29]. At present, most treatments use a single method, and the treatment effect is poor. If two methods are connected in series, the process flow is long,...

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Zhan

Xiao

2019

Sustainability

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“…The reaction was continued for the next 30 min and then aqueous solution of acrylamide (1.40 × 10 −2 mol in 10 ml water) was incorporated to the reaction mixture. Then, catalytic amount of TEMED (3.30 × 10 −4 mol) and acrylic acid (0.75 × 10 −2 mol) were added subsequently 10,11 . The polymerization reaction was continued for the next 3 h with continuous N 2 purging.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a highly efficient selective flocculant based on functionalized β‐cyclodextrin toward beneficiation of low‐quality iron ore

Patra

Mukherjee

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The present work is focused on the development of a novel flocculant for selective flocculation of iron ore using functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (β CD). β CD has been modified by esterification reaction with methacrylic anhydride (MAh) to form β CD methacrylate (CD‐Meth). After that, a three‐dimensional polymeric network structure has been prepared by free radical polymerization of CD‐Meth with copolymeric chain of poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) through grafting. The synthesized material has been characterized in detail. It has been found that the developed material has promising selectivity toward the hematite particles and also demonstrates faster settling of hematite particles. The developed material is found to be superior in all aspects than that of conventional selective flocculant used for iron ore beneficiation (i.e., starch).

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“…Starch-based flocculants have also been used to agglomerate dyes, kaolin, sodium humate, heavy metals, and industrial wastewater. − However, the assessment of the flocculation performance of ternary anionic copolymers of TOL-starch as a sustainable bioflocculant has not been reported yet. Therefore, the current work aimed to identify the potential use of the TOL-starch copolymers as a flocculant of aluminum oxide particles in colloidal systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Sulfonated Lignin-Starch Polymer and Its Use As a Flocculant

2023

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This paper reports the polymerization of tall oil lignin (TOL), starch, and 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (MPSA), a sulfonate-containing monomer, in a three-component system to generate flocculants for colloidal systems. By utilizing the advanced 1 H, COSY, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC NMR techniques, it was confirmed that the phenolic substructures of TOL and the anhydroglucose unit of starch were covalently polymerized by the monomer to generate the three-block copolymer. The molecular weight, radius of gyration, and shape factor of the copolymers were fundamentally correlated to the structure of lignin and starch, as well as the polymerization outcomes. The deposition behavior of the copolymer, studied by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) analysis, revealed that the copolymer with a larger molecular weight (ALS-5) deposited more and generated more compact adlayer than the copolymer with a smaller molecular weight on a solid surface. Owing to its higher charge density, molecular weight, and extended coil-like structure, ALS-5 produced larger flocs with faster sedimentation in the colloidal systems, regardless of the extent of agitation and gravitational force. The results of this work provide a new approach to preparing a lignin-starch polymer, i.e., a sustainable biomacromolecule with excellent flocculation performance in colloidal systems.

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Graft copolymeric flocculant using functionalized starch towards treatment of blast furnace effluent

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Development of a highly efficient selective flocculant based on functionalized β‐cyclodextrin toward beneficiation of low‐quality iron ore

Generation of Sulfonated Lignin-Starch Polymer and Its Use As a Flocculant

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