Graduated exposure plus feedback in the treatment of speech anxiety

Lawm, Gerald; Schwartz, Cynthia; Houlihan, Daniel; Cassisi, Jeffrey E.

doi:10.1002/bin.2360090403

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Prior research with a large normative sample indicated that PRCS scores do not differ across demographic variables including age, ethnicity, and gender (Phillips, Jones, Rieger, & Snell, 1997). Additionally, research that has used the PRCS as an outcome measure has shown it be sensitive to change for exposure based interventions (Altmaier, Ross, Leary, & Thornbrough, 1982; Kirsch & Henry, 1977; Lawm, Schwartz, Houlihan, & Cassisi, 1994). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia

Price

Mehta

Tone

et al. 2011

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

151

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Virtual reality exposure (VRE) has been shown to be effective for treating a variety of anxiety disorders, including social phobia. Presence, or the level of connection an individual feels with the virtual environment, is widely discussed as a critical construct both for the experience of anxiety within a virtual environment and for a successful response to VRE. Two published studies show that whereas generalized presence relates to fear ratings during VRE, it does not relate to treatment response. However, presence has been conceptualized as multidimensional, with three primary factors (spatial presence, involvement, and realness). These factors can be linked to other research on the facilitation of fear during exposure, inhibitors of treatment response (e.g., distraction), and more recent theoretical discussions of the mechanisms of exposure therapy, such as Bouton’s description of expectancy violation. As such, one or more of these components of presence may be more strongly associated with the experience of fear during VRE and treatment response than the overarching construct. The current study (N = 41) evaluated relations between three theorized components of presence, fear ratings during VRE, and treatment response for VRE for social phobia. Results suggest that total presence and realness subscale scores were related to in-session peak fear ratings. However, only scores on the involvement subscale significantly predicted treatment response. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia

Price

Mehta

Tone

et al. 2011

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research supports the internal consistency (α = 0.91) and validity of the PRCS showing correlations between 0.52 and 0.97 with other measures of social anxiety (Klorman et al, 1974;Daly, 1978). Moreover, the PRCS has shown to be sensitive to treatment (Lawm et al, 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Virtually Unexpected: No Role for Expectancy Violation in Virtual Reality Exposure for Public Speaking Anxiety

Scheveneels

Boddez

Daele³

et al. 2019

Front. Psychol.

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In the current study, we examined the role of expectancy violation and retrospective reasoning about the absence of feared outcomes in virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). Participants fearful of public speaking were asked to give speeches in virtual reality. We asked each participant individually to report their expectancies about feared outcomes in public speaking situations and which of these could be tested in VRET. Each of the expectancies was categorized as being related to: (1) participants' own reactions, (2) (overt) reactions of the audience, or (3) (covert) negative evaluation. We examined whether the proportion of testable expectancies could predict treatment outcome and which type of expectancies were evaluated as being more testable in VRET. Additionally, we experimentally manipulated retrospective reasoning about whether or not expectancies related to the overt reactions of the audience could be violated by providing verbal information after VRET about whether or not the virtual audience was interactive. A reduction in public speaking anxiety was observed from pre-to post-VRET. Treatment effects were, however, not predicted by the individually reported proportions of testable expectancies. Participants evaluated expectancies about their own reactions as being more testable in VRET compared to expectancies about reactions of the audience or about being negatively evaluated. In addition, we did not find evidence that the experimental manipulation regarding whether or not the audience was interactive influenced treatment effects. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that the effects of VRET are not univocally explained by the mechanism of expectancy violation.

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“…Although there is some discord among researchers as to which type of therapy is most effective in treating PSA, Sefchick, (1987) found that cognitive behavioral therapy, is more effective than both exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring on their own. Some other aspects that may enhance therapy include peer feedback, positive thinking, and skills training (Ayers, 1988;Hayes & Marshall, 1984;Lawm, Schwartz, Houlihan, & Cassisi, 1994).…”

Section: Treatments Of Psamentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating Public Speaking Anxiety: A Comparison of Exposure and Video Self-Modeling

Bartholomay¹,

Houlihan²

2018

IJPS

Self Cite

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effectiveness of video self-modeling (VSM) and exposure therapy in treating public speaking anxiety (PSA) in a college student. The study employed a single-subject A-B design with parametric variations. Two phases were utilized in this study: baseline (exposure therapy) and intervention (video self-modeling) with a one-month follow-up. Generalization probes were also employed to assess whether or not decreases in PSA would generalize to other settings. Results of this study indicate a significant decrease in self-report public speaking anxiety from both pre- to post-treatment as well as from baseline to exposure sessions. However, these results may be specific to public speaking anxiety, as other forms of anxiety (i.e., social anxiety) did not result in similar decreases. Results from a post-treatment survey indicated that the participant felt that the treatment was beneficial in reducing public speaking anxiety and increasing confidence, providing additional support for the treatment package.

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Graduated exposure plus feedback in the treatment of speech anxiety

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia

Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia

Virtually Unexpected: No Role for Expectancy Violation in Virtual Reality Exposure for Public Speaking Anxiety

Treating Public Speaking Anxiety: A Comparison of Exposure and Video Self-Modeling

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